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Questions and Answers
What is the smallest unit of structure and function in all living things?
What is the smallest unit of structure and function in all living things?
The cell theory states that all living things are made of one or more cells.
The cell theory states that all living things are made of one or more cells.
True (A)
What is the name of the long appendages on nerve cells that transmit signals throughout the body?
What is the name of the long appendages on nerve cells that transmit signals throughout the body?
Axons
A group of specialized cells working together make up a specialized ______.
A group of specialized cells working together make up a specialized ______.
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Match the following types of tissues with their primary functions:
Match the following types of tissues with their primary functions:
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Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?
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The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
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What is the name of the tissue that makes up the heart?
What is the name of the tissue that makes up the heart?
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Which of the following is NOT a function performed by all cells?
Which of the following is NOT a function performed by all cells?
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A bone cell is _______________ to perform the unique function of storing minerals for the body.
A bone cell is _______________ to perform the unique function of storing minerals for the body.
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All cells, regardless of their type, carry out the same chemical reactions.
All cells, regardless of their type, carry out the same chemical reactions.
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What is the name for the set of chemical reactions that use energy from food to build substances the cell needs?
What is the name for the set of chemical reactions that use energy from food to build substances the cell needs?
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Match the following cell components with their functions.
Match the following cell components with their functions.
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Which of the following processes occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
Which of the following processes occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
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Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
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What is the name of the stage in mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
What is the name of the stage in mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
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The process of ______ is essential for the production of reproductive cells.
The process of ______ is essential for the production of reproductive cells.
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Match the following stages of meiosis with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following stages of meiosis with their corresponding descriptions:
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During which stage of meiosis do chromosomes split into chromatids?
During which stage of meiosis do chromosomes split into chromatids?
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Meiosis I and meiosis II are identical in their processes and outcomes.
Meiosis I and meiosis II are identical in their processes and outcomes.
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What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Explains the relationship between cells and living things
- Three components:
- All living things are made of one or more cells
- Cells are the smallest unit of structure and function in living things
- New cells are produced from other cells
- The idea that cells exist was not common knowledge until the late 1500s
- Microscopes invented around 1590 led to the examination of living things, and advancements by the 1800s allowed scientists to formulate the cell theory.
Specialized Cells
- Different cell types in the body have unique structures to perform specific functions
- Examples include muscle cells for contraction, nerve cells (neurons) to transmit signals
- Each cell type is specialized for its particular job
Tissues
- A group of specialized cells working together forms a tissue
- Four major types of tissues:
- Connective tissue: protects and connects other tissues (e.g., bone, cartilage, blood)
- Epithelial tissue: covers and protects surfaces of the body and organs (e.g., skin)
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
Levels of Organization
- Organs are composed of tissues working together
- Examples include the heart (composed of cardiac muscle tissue); heart tissue is composed of cardiac muscle cells.
- Organ systems are groups of organs working together like the cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels, and blood)
- Organ systems function to perform essential body functions or tasks.
Cell Functions and Components
- All cells perform common functions, including metabolism
- Metabolism: the set of chemical reactions that cells use energy from food to build necessary substances , involving two parts. Extracting energy from food molecules and using this extracted energy to fuel processes
- Cells also reproduce via cell division, where parent cells divide to create 2 identical daughter cells.
Cell Components
- Different cell components perform specific functions within a cell
- Includes:
- Cell membrane, allows substances into and out of the cell
- Mitochondria; site of cell metabolism, converting energy to a usable cell form
- Nucleus,stores cell's DNA
- Ribosomes; site where proteins are built
- Enzymes, proteins helping chemical reactions occur faster in the cell, essential for the cell to produce necessary substances
Cell Division
- Cells reproduce through cell division, which includes the replication of DNA to create identical daughter cells
- Mitosis, the second stage of cell division, is the process where the cell's nucleus divides into two identical nuclei
- Stages of Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Meiosis
- Special type of cell division for producing reproductive cells (like eggs and sperm), leading to cells with half the number of chromosomes as body cells
- The process of Meiosis has two stages: Meiosis I , resulting in two cells, each with half the original number of chromosomes and Meiosis II, leading to 4 cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
- Meiosis differs from mitosis in that there is no DNA replication in Meiosis II
Types of cells
- Different types of cells, e.g. blood cells, surface skin cells, bone cells, epithelial and goblet cells, nerve cells, cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, skeletal muscle cells
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory, including the roles of specialized cells and tissues in living organisms. Discover how the invention of the microscope led to advancements in our understanding of cells and their functions. This quiz covers the key components of cells and the classification of different tissue types.
