Cell Theory and Microscopy

[Blank] (Hooke 1663) is the scientific study of cells.

The cell theory, developed by Schwann & Schleiden in the 1800s, states that all organisms are composed of cells and cell ______ which are the simplest structural and functional unit of life.

According to the cell theory, an organism's structure and functions are due to activities of ______.

Cells come only from ______ cells, completing the cell theory.

The improvements in microscopy allowed cell ______ visualization.

A ______ microscope revealed the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.

A transmission ______ microscope uses a beam of electrons rather than light to reveal detail.

A ______ electron microscope produces dramatic 3-D images at high magnification and resolution, but only for surface features.

A cell is surrounded by a plasma (cell) ______.

The plasma membrane defines cell boundaries and is made of proteins and ______.

[Blank] is within the cell and contains organelles, cytoskeleton, inclusions, and cytosol.

The fluid component of the cytoplasm is known as ______ or intracellular fluid (ICF).

[Blank] are the internal structures of a cell that carry out specialized metabolic tasks.

Membranous organelles are surrounded by ______.

Examples of membranous organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and ______ complex.

[Blank], centrosomes, centrioles, and basal bodies are examples of organelles without membranes.

The advent of ______ microscopy enabled the visualization of cell ultrastructure, an advancement over traditional techniques.

While light microscopy elucidates basic cell structures, the nuanced functions delegated to specific ______ within a cell remain obscured without higher-resolution techniques.

The conceptual leap from Hooke's initial observations of cells to the comprehensive cell theory articulated by Schwann and Schleiden hinged upon the refinement of ______ methodologies.

The dichotomy between membranous and non-membranous organelles reflects an evolutionary stratification wherein the former orchestrates complex biochemical reactions shielded by lipid bilayers, while the latter—exemplified by ______—facilitate fundamental processes like protein synthesis in direct contact with the cytosol.