Cell Theory and Discovery History

Cell Theory

• All living things are made up of cells
• The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things
• All cells come from pre-existing cells by the process of division

History of Cell Discovery

• Robert Hooke (1665): Observed cells in cork
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1680): Observed single-celled organisms; first microbiologist to study muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa, and blood flow in capillaries
• Robert Brown (1833): Discovered the nucleus in plant cells
• Matthias Schleiden (1838): Stated that cells are the basic building blocks of plants
• Theodor Schwann (1839): Stated that cells of animals and plants are different structures
• Rudolf Virchow (1855): Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells

Parts and Function of a Cell

• Cells are the basic building blocks of living things
• Cells contain organelles with specific functions
• Organelles interact dynamically to perform various cellular processes
• Include Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes,Peroxisome, Golgi Apparatus, Secretion form the cell , Lysosomes, Centrioles, Cytoplasm, Microtubules, Plasma membrane, Mitochondrion, Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum, Nucleus, Nuclear envelope, Nucleolus, Chromatin, Nuclear pore, Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum,

Two Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic cells: Simple, single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria are a classic example. Size range 0.1 - 10 μm.
• Eukaryotic cells: Complex, typically multicellular organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. Size range 10-100 μm. Examples include animal cells and plant cells.

Eukaryotic Cell Structures

• Membrane-bound nucleus contains the cell's DNA
• Other membrane-bound organelles have specialized functions

Human Cells

• Humans have about 200 different cell types, each with specific functions
• Muscle cells (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) are involved in movement
• Nerve cells (neurons) transmit signals throughout the body;
• Bone cells (osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast) are involved in bone structure, support.
• Blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) perform various critical functions in the body
• Sex cells (egg and sperm) are involved in reproduction

Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory, including the historical discoveries that have shaped our understanding of cells. From Robert Hooke's observations to the contributions of scientists like Schleiden and Virchow, this quiz covers essential knowledge about cell structure and function.