Cell Theory and Cell Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the cell theory?

  • All cells come from other, pre-existing cells.
  • All cells have a nucleus. (correct)
  • Cells are the smallest living unit in all organisms.
  • All living things are made of cells.

    • Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

    False (B)

    What is the main function of ribosomes?

    protein synthesis

    The ______ is the control center of the cell and contains the genetic material (DNA).

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organelles with their primary function:

    <p>Mitochondria = ATP production Golgi Apparatus = Packaging and sorting of molecules Endoplasmic Reticulum = Processing and transportation of molecules Cell Membrane = Selective barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the nucleus.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cell membrane?

    <p>The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell, helping maintain homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is responsible for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal cells contain a large central vacuole.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule contains the instructions for protein production?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins targeted for secretion are packaged into vesicles and transported to the cell ______ to be released outside the cell.

    <p>membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organelles with their functions:

    <p>Ribosomes = Synthesize proteins Golgi apparatus = Sorts and modifies proteins Vesicles = Transport materials within the cell Rough ER = Synthesizes proteins and transports them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cell Theory

    A fundamental theory stating that cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

    Prokaryotes

    Simple cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, including bacteria and archaea.

    Eukaryotes

    Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

    Cell Membrane

    A selective barrier surrounding the cell that controls the movement of substances in and out, maintaining homeostasis.

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    Cytoplasm

    The jelly-like substance inside the cell that fills the space and surrounds organelles.

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    Nucleus

    The control center of the cell containing genetic material (DNA) and the nucleolus for ribosome production.

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    Mitochondria

    The powerhouses of the cell that produce ATP energy through cellular respiration using glucose and oxygen.

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    Golgi Apparatus

    The packaging and sorting center of the cell that modifies and routes molecules to their destinations.

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    Chloroplasts

    Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, converting light energy into glucose and oxygen.

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    Vacuoles

    Storage compartments in cells, larger in plant cells and smaller in animal cells.

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    Cell Wall

    A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides support and protection, absent in animal cells.

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    Protein Synthesis

    The process in which cells create proteins using instructions from DNA and ribosomes.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • The video discusses the cell theory and examines the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
    • The video uses an example of the amoeba, a single-celled organism, to illustrate the importance of cells in biology.
    • The cell theory is crucial:
      • Cells are the smallest living unit in all organisms.
      • All living things are made of cells.
      • All cells come from pre-existing cells.

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    • Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.
    • Eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
    • Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes share common features:
      • Both contain genetic material.
      • Both have cytoplasm.
      • Both have ribosomes, which synthesize proteins.
      • Both have cell membranes that control what enters and exits the cell.

    Organelles Found in Eukaryotes

    • Key eukaryotic organelles and their functions:
      • Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane): Controls substance movement, maintaining homeostasis.
      • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling the cell, surrounding organelles.
      • Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support, aids movement, and organizes organelles.
      • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins; found free or attached to ER.
      • Nucleus: The control center, containing DNA and a nucleolus (ribosome production).
      • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Processes and transports molecules; rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes).
      • Golgi Apparatus: Packages, sorts, and modifies molecules for delivery.
      • Mitochondria: "Powerhouses" of the cell; produce ATP energy through cellular respiration using glucose and oxygen.
      • Chloroplasts (in plants): Perform photosynthesis, converting light energy, CO2, and water into glucose and oxygen.
      • Vacuoles: Storage compartments; plant cells often have a large central vacuole.
      • Cell Wall (in plants): Provides structural support and protection (absent in animal cells).

    Protein Synthesis and Transport

    • Protein creation and movement in cells:
      • DNA holds the protein production instructions.
      • Ribosomes read DNA instructions to create proteins.
      • Ribosomes on rough ER synthesize proteins for transport through the ER.
      • Proteins packaged into vesicles travel to the Golgi.
      • The Golgi modifies and sorts proteins.
      • Proteins for secretion are packaged into vesicles to the cell membrane; released from the cell.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of cell theory and the distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Participants will learn about the characteristics of these two cell types and the importance of cells in living organisms. Ideal for students studying biology, this quiz reinforces key concepts about cellular structure and function.

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