Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about cell walls is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about cell walls is incorrect?
- Fungi possess cell walls primarily made of peptidoglycan
- Algae have cell walls made of cellulose, galactans, mannans, and CaCO3
- Animal cells contain a distinct cell wall (correct)
- Plants have cell walls primarily composed of cellulose and pectin
What is the method of division for mitochondria?
What is the method of division for mitochondria?
- Fission (correct)
- Budding
- Mitosis
- Fragmentation
Which structures are known to contain microtubules?
Which structures are known to contain microtubules?
- Centromere, chloroplasts, and flagella
- Basal body, centrioles, and microfilaments
- Centrioles, cilia, and flagella (correct)
- Spindle fibre, Golgi body, and basal body
Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
What is the membrane surrounding a vacuole called?
What is the membrane surrounding a vacuole called?
How much volume can a vacuole occupy in a plant cell?
How much volume can a vacuole occupy in a plant cell?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the composition of vacuoles?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the composition of vacuoles?
What is a notable characteristic of the mitochondrial DNA?
What is a notable characteristic of the mitochondrial DNA?
Flashcards
Cell wall composition in Algae
Cell wall composition in Algae
Algae cell walls are composed of cellulose, galactans, mannans, and sometimes calcium carbonate.
Cell wall in Fungi
Cell wall in Fungi
Fungi cell walls primarily contain peptidoglycan.
Cell wall in Plants
Cell wall in Plants
Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose and pectin.
Animal cells lack a cell wall.
Animal cells lack a cell wall.
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Mitochondrial division method
Mitochondrial division method
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Characteristics of semi-autonomous organelles (Mitochondria)
Characteristics of semi-autonomous organelles (Mitochondria)
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SER functions
SER functions
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Structure connecting grana in chloroplasts
Structure connecting grana in chloroplasts
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Structures containing microtubules
Structures containing microtubules
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Vacuole functions and characteristics
Vacuole functions and characteristics
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Study Notes
Cell - The Unit of Life
-
Cell Wall:
- Algae have cellulose, galactans, mannans, and CaCO3.
- Fungi have peptidoglycan.
- Plants have cellulose and pectin.
- Animal cells lack a cell wall.
-
Mitochondria:
- Divide by fission and budding.
- Contain DNA and 70S ribosomes.
-
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER):
- Doesn't synthesize glycoproteins or glycolipids.
- Functions include lipid synthesis, steroid hormone synthesis, and detoxification.
-
Vacuoles:
- Usually occupy 90% of a plant cell's volume.
- Membrane is called the tonoplast.
- Sap is typically alkaline and hypertonic.
- Contractile vacuoles are involved in osmoregulation.
-
Chlorophyll:
- Found in grana, specifically thylakoids.
-
Perinuclear Space:
- Approximately 0.5-1 µm in diameter.
-
Mitochondria characteristics:
- 0.2 µm to 1 µm in diameter.
- Double membrane-bound organelle.
- Known as the power house of the cell.
- Part of the endomembrane system.
-
Cytoplasmic Bridge:
- Connects adjacent plant cells.
- Called plasmodesmata.
Types of Chromosomes
- Submetacentric: Chromosome with a centromere slightly off-center.
- Metacentric: Chromosome with a centrally located centromere.
- Acrocentric: Chromosome with the centromere very close to one end.
- Telocentric: Chromosome with the centromere at the very end.
Cell Structure and Function
- Chromatin: Contains DNA, RNA, histone proteins, and non-histone proteins.
- Polar Molecules: Require carrier proteins to cross the non-polar lipid bilayer.
- Hydrolases: Found in lysosomes, active at acidic pH.
- Chloroplast and Mitochondria: Possess their own DNA, 70S ribosomes, and are double membrane-bound organelles.
- Cilia: Small structures that act like oars, emerge from the basal body, and move the cell or surrounding fluid.
- Centrosome: Composed of microtubules.
- Centriole: Part of the centrosome and essential for cell division, characterized by cartwheel-like structure.
- Axoneme: The core of cilia and flagella.
- Nucleolus: A proteinaceous region within the nucleus and the site of ribosome biogenesis.
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Description
Explore the essential components of cells, including cell walls, mitochondria, and vacuoles. This quiz covers the unique structures and functions of various cell types, from plant to animal cells. Test your knowledge on organelles and their significance in cellular processes.
