Cell Structures Quiz

Study Notes

Cell Structures

Actin filaments: Thin, flexible structures that provide support to cells and are involved in movement.
Archaea: Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus, distinct from bacteria.
Autophagy: The process of a cell breaking down and recycling its damaged or unnecessary components.
Cell wall: A rigid structure outside the cell membrane, providing support and protection for plant, bacteria, and fungi cells.
Centrioles: Cylindrical structures that help organize microtubule assembly during cell division in animal cells.
Centrosome: The region where microtubules are organized and cell division starts in animal cells, containing centrioles.
Chloroplast: An organelle in plant cells that captures sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis.
Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance inside the cell, holding organelles and allowing movement.
Cytoplasmic: Referring to the gel-like fluid inside a cell, but outside the organelles.
Cytoskeleton: A network of protein fibers that provides cell shape, support, and assists in movement.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): A network of membranes that produces and transports proteins and lipids within the cell.
Endosymbiosis theory: Explains the origin of some organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, from free-living bacteria taken into another cell.
Eukaryote: An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Golgi apparatus: An organelle that modifies, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
Gap junction: A connection between animal cells that allows small molecules to pass through.
Intermediate filaments: A type of protein fiber that provides structural support for cells, especially in tissues.
Lysosomes: Organelles responsible for digesting waste materials and cellular debris.
Tight junction: A connection between cells that creates a watertight seal, preventing leakage.
Microfilaments: Thin protein fibers part of the cytoskeleton, aiding in cell movement and shape.
Microtubule: Hollow tubes essential for maintaining cell shape and involved in transport and cell division.
Mitochondria: Organelles that produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Motor protein: A protein that moves along cytoskeleton fibers, transporting materials inside the cell.
Nuclear envelope: A double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus, protecting the genetic material.
Nuclear lamina: A dense layer of proteins that provides structural support to the nuclear envelope.
Nuclear lamins: Proteins that provide structural support and organize chromosomes in the nucleus.
Nuclear pores: Openings in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to move in and out of the nucleus.
Nucleoid: A region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located, not enclosed by a membrane.
Nucleus: The organelle that houses the cell's DNA and controls its activities.
Organelles: Specialized structures inside a cell, performing specific functions like energy production or protein making.
Peroxisomes: Organelles containing enzymes to break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.
Phagocytosis: The process by which a cell engulfs large particles or other cells.
Plasma membrane: A structure surrounding the cell, controlling what enters and exits.
Prokaryote: A single-celled organism lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Ribosomes: Organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: A network of membranes with ribosomes attached, helping in protein synthesis and transport.
Plasmodesmata: Small channels between plant cells allowing communication and material transport.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: A network of membranes that helps produce and transport lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.
Vacuole: A storage organelle in plant cells, holding water, nutrients, and waste products.

Cell Connections and Extracellular Matrix

Desmosomes: Structures in animal cells that anchor cells together in a stable but flexible way.
Extracellular matrix (ECM): A network of proteins and other molecules outside animal cells, providing structural support and communication.
Collagen: A protein found in the ECM, providing strength and structure to tissues.

Description

Test your knowledge of various cell structures, including actin filaments, chloroplasts, and centrioles. This quiz covers fundamental concepts in cell biology, emphasizing the roles and characteristics of different cellular components. Perfect for students studying biology and cell functions.