Cell Structures and Functions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do not.
Eukaryotic cells reproduce asexually, while prokaryotic cells reproduce sexually.
Prokaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. (correct)

What is the primary role of the plasma membrane in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Generating ATP through cellular respiration
Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell (correct)
Storing the cell's genetic material
Synthesizing proteins for use within the cell

If a cell were unable to produce functional ribosomes, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Lipid synthesis
DNA replication
Cellular respiration
Protein synthesis (correct)

How do the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) differ in function?

RER contains ribosomes and participates in protein synthesis and modification, while SER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Golgi Apparatus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes within a cell?

Intracellular digestion (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do mitochondria contribute to cellular energy production?

By performing cellular respiration and generating ATP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Photosynthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and facilitating cell movement?

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell junction prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells?

Tight junctions (D) Signup and view all the answers

In cell signaling, what is the process of transduction?

The signal is converted into a form that can bring about a cellular response. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell signaling involves a cell signaling to itself?

Autocrine signaling (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the anaphase stage of mitosis?

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does cytokinesis differ in animal and plant cells?

Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

To check for cell size, DNA damage, and growth factors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of apoptosis in multicellular organisms?

To eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of passive transport involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Osmosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between passive and active transport?

Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of phagocytosis?

The cell engulfs large particles. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Theory

The cell is the fundamental unit of life; all living organisms are composed of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; includes bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that possess a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Plasma Membrane

A selectively permeable barrier composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the internal cell environment from the external environment and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.