Cell Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

To regulate cell growth

To form the main membrane fabric (correct)

To provide structural support to the cell

To facilitate cell signaling

Where are peripheral proteins located in the cell membrane?

On the phospholipid bilayer's inner or outer surface (correct)

On the surface of the cell

Embedded within the phospholipid layer

Inside the cell cytoplasm

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

To provide energy for the cell

To maintain cell shape

To act as identifiers for cell communication (correct)

To regulate cell growth

What is the name of the model that describes the cell membrane as a mosaic of phospholipids, proteins, and attached carbohydrates?

The Fluid Mosaic Model Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

To increase the fluidity of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins penetrate through both layers of the cell membrane?

Integral proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microfilaments in a cell?

To allow cell to change shape and move Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of microtubules?

25 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intermediate filaments?

To maintain cell structure and anchor organelles in place Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell membrane composed of?

Two layers of phospholipids interspersed with proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microtubules in a cell?

To pull chromosomes apart during cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?

8-10 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myosin proteins in relation to microfilaments?

To interact with actin protein chains to allow cell to change shape and move Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?

To maintain cell structure and anchor organelles in place Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bonds are commonly found in organic compounds?

C-H bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of monomers in organisms?

To serve as building blocks for macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organic compound is commonly found in muscle fibers?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the growth response of plants to touch or contact?

Thigmotropism Signup and view all the answers

Which element is commonly found in nucleic acids?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which plants produce new individuals without seeds?

Asexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macromolecule is composed of monosaccharides?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the life cycle of flowering plants?

Angiosperm lifecycle Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during osmosis?

Water moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a channel protein?

To allow polar molecules to pass through the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

The cell bursts (lyses) Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport involves the movement of polar molecules with the help of transport proteins?

Facilitated transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a carrier protein?

To bind to a substance and change shape, pushing it inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a solution with the same concentration of solutes as the cell?

Isotonic Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

The cell shrivels up Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein is involved in facilitating the transport of water through the cell membrane?

Channel protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phagocytosis?

To transport large substances/particles into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

To bring specific molecules into the cell through receptor binding Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of vesicle fusion with the cell membrane during exocytosis?

The release of stored particles/molecules from the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

To keep cells together to form a tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Phagocytosis is for large particles, while pinocytosis is for small molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the vesicle contents during phagocytosis?

They are digested by a lysosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of receptors in receptor-mediated endocytosis?

To bind to specific molecules, triggering the formation of a vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endocytosis?

To transport molecules into the cell Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure

The cytoskeleton is made of three types of protein fibers: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Microfilaments have a narrowest diameter of 7 nm, are composed of two strands of actin protein chains, and allow the cell to change shape and move.
Intermediate filaments have a diameter of 8-10 nm, are intertwined protein fibers, and maintain cell structure and anchor organelles in place.
Microtubules are hollow tubes of globulin proteins, have a diameter of 25 nm, and are involved in cell division and act as tracks for vesicles.

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is a semipermeable membrane made of two layers of phospholipids interspersed with proteins.
Phospholipids are composed of a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail, with the heads facing outwards and the tails facing inwards.
Cholesterol is attached between phospholipids and between the two phospholipid layers.
Integral proteins are embedded within the phospholipid layer, while peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the phospholipid bilayer.
Carbohydrates are attached to proteins on the outside membrane layer, forming glycoproteins and glycolipids, and act as identifiers for cell communication.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane until concentrations are equalized.
Tonicity refers to the concentration of a solution, with hypotonic solutions having a lower concentration, isotonic solutions having an equal concentration, and hypertonic solutions having a higher concentration.
Integral proteins can allow polar molecules to pass through the cell membrane.

Facilitated Transport

Facilitated transport is the movement of polar molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane, with the help of transport proteins.
Channel proteins allow polar molecules to pass through, while carrier proteins bind to a substance and change shape, pushing it inside the cell.

Bulk Transport

Endocytosis is the transport of substances into the cell, with phagocytosis involving the engulfing of large particles and pinocytosis involving the engulfing of smaller molecules.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the binding of molecules to receptors, which triggers the cell membrane to engulf them into a vesicle.
Exocytosis is the transport of substances out of the cell, with vesicles fusing with the cell membrane and releasing stored particles or molecules.

Cell Interactions and the ECM

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of collagen and carbohydrate fibers found outside the cell, which keeps cells together to form a tissue and facilitates cell communication.
Thigmotropism is the response of plants to touch.

Plants

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the production of offspring without the fusion of gametes.
Angiosperm lifecycle involves the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds.

Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Organic compounds are the main chemical compounds of living organisms, often consisting of C-H bonds.
Macromolecules are large molecules that make up an organism, and are made up of building blocks called monomers acquired from the food we eat.
Examples of organic compounds include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Proteins are composed of C, H, O, N, and S, and include enzymes, muscle fibers, and antibodies.
Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, and O, and include sugar, glucose, starch, and glycogen.
Lipids are composed of C, H, and O, and include fats, oils, wax, and phospholipids.
Nucleic acids are composed of C, H, O, P, and N, and include DNA, RNA, and ATP.

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Description

This quiz covers the structure and functions of different cell components, including the cytoskeleton and its three types of protein fibers: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.