Cell Structure Quiz

Cell Structure

• Plasma membrane: a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves
• Cytoplasm: a gel-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place
• Nucleus: a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA)
• Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport
• Ribosomes: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis
• Lysosomes: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and break down waste and foreign substances
• Cytoskeleton: a network of filaments that provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell

Cell Types

• Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple in structure (e.g., bacteria)
• Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex in structure (e.g., plants, animals, fungi)

Cell Functions

• Metabolism: the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms
• Growth and development: the process of increasing in size and complexity
• Response to stimuli: the ability to react to changes in the environment
• Reproduction: the process of producing new cells or organisms

Cell Division

• Mitosis: the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Meiosis: the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, used in sexual reproduction

Cell Structure

• The plasma membrane is a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves.
• Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place, and it's where the cell's organelles are suspended.
• The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA), and it's often referred to as the "control center" of the cell.
• Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell.
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport, and it's divided into rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes).
• Ribosomes are small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis, and they can be either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.
• Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and break down waste and foreign substances, and they're often referred to as the "cell's garbage disposal".
• The cytoskeleton is a network of filaments that provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell, and it's composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Cell Types

• Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple in structure, and they're usually found in single-celled organisms such as bacteria.
• Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex in structure, and they're usually found in multicellular organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi.

Cell Functions

• Metabolism is the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms, and it involves the breakdown and synthesis of nutrients.
• Growth and development involves an increase in cell size and number, and it's influenced by factors such as hormones, nutrients, and genetics.
• Response to stimuli involves the ability to react to changes in the environment, such as light, temperature, and touch, and it's made possible by specialized sensory organs.
• Reproduction involves the process of producing new cells or organisms, and it can be either sexual (involving gametes) or asexual (involving mitosis).

Cell Division

• Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, and it involves four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
• Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, and it involves two successive divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II), leading to the production of gametes.