Cell Structure Quiz

Plasma membrane: a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves
Cytoplasm: a gel-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place
Nucleus: a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA)
Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport
Ribosomes: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis
Lysosomes: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and break down waste and foreign substances
Cytoskeleton: a network of filaments that provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell

Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple in structure (e.g., bacteria)
Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex in structure (e.g., plants, animals, fungi)

Metabolism: the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms
Growth and development: the process of increasing in size and complexity
Response to stimuli: the ability to react to changes in the environment
Reproduction: the process of producing new cells or organisms

Mitosis: the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis: the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, used in sexual reproduction

The plasma membrane is a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves.
Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place, and it's where the cell's organelles are suspended.
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA), and it's often referred to as the "control center" of the cell.
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport, and it's divided into rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes).
Ribosomes are small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis, and they can be either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and break down waste and foreign substances, and they're often referred to as the "cell's garbage disposal".
The cytoskeleton is a network of filaments that provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell, and it's composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple in structure, and they're usually found in single-celled organisms such as bacteria.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex in structure, and they're usually found in multicellular organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi.

Metabolism is the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms, and it involves the breakdown and synthesis of nutrients.
Growth and development involves an increase in cell size and number, and it's influenced by factors such as hormones, nutrients, and genetics.
Response to stimuli involves the ability to react to changes in the environment, such as light, temperature, and touch, and it's made possible by specialized sensory organs.
Reproduction involves the process of producing new cells or organisms, and it can be either sexual (involving gametes) or asexual (involving mitosis).

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, and it involves four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, and it involves two successive divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II), leading to the production of gametes.