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Questions and Answers
The ______ is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored
nucleus
The process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce is called ______ selection
natural
The ______ is the jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes occur
cytoplasm
The ______ is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
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The ______ is the formation of new species from existing ones
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The ______ is a chronological record of ancient life forms, providing evidence for evolution
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Study Notes
Cells
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane: semi-permeable membrane separating cell from environment
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside cell where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: control center of cell where DNA is stored
- Mitochondria: organelles responsible for energy production (cellular respiration)
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes
- Golgi apparatus: complex of flattened sacs and tubules involved in protein modification and transport
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: conversion of energy and nutrients
- Growth and development
- Response to stimuli
- Reproduction
- Homeostasis: maintenance of internal environment
Evolution
Key Concepts
- Natural Selection: process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Species: group of interbreeding organisms that can produce fertile offspring
- Adaptation: specialization of traits to environment
- Speciation: formation of new species from existing ones
Mechanisms of Evolution
- Mutation: change in DNA sequence
- Gene flow: movement of genes from one population to another
- Genetic drift: random change in gene frequency
- Artificial selection: selective breeding by humans
Evidence for Evolution
- Fossil record: chronological record of ancient life forms
- Comparative anatomy: similarities and homologies among organisms
- Molecular biology: similarities in DNA and protein sequences among organisms
- Biogeography: geographic distribution of organisms
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell structure, functions, and evolution concepts, including cell components, metabolism, natural selection, and evidence for evolution.
