Podcast
Questions and Answers
What structure is unique to plant cells but absent in human cheek cells?
What structure is unique to plant cells but absent in human cheek cells?
- Cell wall (correct)
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
What term is used for cells that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus?
What term is used for cells that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus?
- Prokaryotic cells (correct)
- Unicellular organisms
- Eukaryotic cells
- Multicellular organisms
Which organelle is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Which organelle is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- Ribosomes (correct)
- Golgi complex
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
Which of the following is true regarding the cytoplasm?
Which of the following is true regarding the cytoplasm?
What is the primary function of the centrosome in animal cells?
What is the primary function of the centrosome in animal cells?
Flashcards
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
The outer boundary of plant cells, providing structural support and protection.
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
A thin, flexible layer that surrounds all cells, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
Nucleus
Nucleus
A dense, membrane-bound structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Centrosome
Centrosome
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
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Onion cells (plant cells): Possess a cell wall as the outer boundary, followed by a cell membrane.
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Human cheek cells (animal cells): Have an outer membrane defining their structure.
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Nucleus: A dense, membrane-bound structure within each cell. Contains chromosomes holding DNA (genetic material).
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Eukaryotic cells: Cells with a membrane-bound nucleus, including plant and animal cells.
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Prokaryotic cells: Cells lacking a membrane-bound nucleus, exemplified by bacteria.
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Cytoplasm: Semi-fluid matrix filling the cell's volume, site of various cellular processes crucial for survival.
Organelles (Eukaryotic Cells Only)
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Membrane-bound organelle.
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Golgi complex: Membrane-bound organelle.
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Lysosomes: Membrane-bound organelle.
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Mitochondria: Membrane-bound organelle.
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Microbodies: Membrane-bound organelle.
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Vacuoles: Membrane-bound organelle.
Other Cellular Components
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Ribosomes: Non-membrane-bound organelles found in all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic). Located in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts (plant cells), mitochondria, and on rough ER.
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Centrosome: Non-membrane-bound organelle found in animal cells, essential for cell division.
Cell Size and Shape
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Size variation: Mycoplasmas (smallest cells) are 0.3 µm long, while bacteria range from 3 to 5 µm. Ostrich eggs represent the largest isolated single cell. Human red blood cells are about 7.0 µm in diameter.
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Shape variation: Cells may be disc-like, polygonal, columnar, cuboid, thread-like, or irregular, depending on function.
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