Cell Structure and Organelles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one primary function of peroxisomes?

Produce ribosomal RNA for ribosome assembly

Store genetic material in the form of DNA

Synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidize toxic substances including hydrogen peroxide (correct)

What substance is specifically mentioned as being broken down by peroxisomes?

Nitrate ions

Urea

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (correct)

Acetic acid

Where are ribosomes synthesized in the cell?

In the mitochondria

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum

In the nucleolus (correct)

In the cytoplasm

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of ribosomes?

Small dense granules composed of RNA and proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the reaction that occurs in peroxisomes involving hydrogen peroxide?

Water and oxygen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Synthesize proteins for export from the cell. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed when multiple ribosomes are arranged together in the cytoplasm?

Polysome (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding free ribosomes in the cytoplasm?

They synthesize proteins that are not for export. (A), They form polysomes for protein synthesis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes secretory proteins?

They are synthesized for transport out of the cell. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes proteins synthesized by ribosomes attached to the ER from those synthesized by free ribosomes?

Proteins from the ER are synthesized for export outside the cell. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural form of genetic material in non-dividing cells?

Chromatin (D) Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, chromatins are primarily condensed into which structure?

Chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes genes?

They are composed of DNA. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromatin during the process of cell division?

It condenses into chromosomes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible under a light microscope?

Prophase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of ribosomes?

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which locations can ribosomes be found within a cell?

Free in the cytoplasm and attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in ribosomes?

To provide structural support and facilitate protein synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are the two subunits of a ribosome characterized?

Both subunits contain a mix of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ribosomes being found both free and bound in cells?

It reflects the diverse roles ribosomes play in protein synthesis in different cellular contexts. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for the movement of sperm cells?

Flagellum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the nucleus in a cell?

Double-layered nuclear membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are cilia predominantly found in the human body?

Respiratory tract and fallopian tubes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest organelle within a cell?

Nucleus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell is continuous with the nuclear membrane?

Endoplasmic reticulum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What structural arrangement of microtubules is found in both cilia and flagella?

9 outer microtubules and 2 central microtubules (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the basal body located in relation to the cilium or flagellum?

In the cytoplasm at the base (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a structural similarity between basal bodies and centrioles?

Both have a similar arrangement of microtubules (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the role of cilia and flagella?

They assist in cellular locomotion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the microtubules within cilia and flagella?

To provide structural support and facilitate movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure

Cells are the basic units of life
The cell is enclosed by a flexible plasma membrane
The cell contains various organelles with specific functions
The cell contains a nucleus where all hereditary information is stored
The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope

Cytoplasmic Organelles

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Specialized in lipid production, detoxification of drugs and alcohol, and calcium storage
Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis
Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, found free in cytoplasm or attached to ER. Can be involved in the production of proteins that are destined for secretion. Can create polymers (assemblies of ribosomes)

Golgi Apparatus

Composed of flattened sacs (cisternae)
Modifies, sorts, packages, and transports proteins received from ER
Produces lysosomes

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound vesicles
Contain hydrolytic enzymes for digesting macromolecules (intracellular or external)
Digest damaged organelles and foreign particles

Mitochondria

Rod-shaped organelles
Bound by a double membrane, with inner membrane folded into cristae
Site of cellular respiration (ATP production)
Contain their own DNA (circular) and ribosomes
Abundant in cells requiring high energy (muscle, nerve)

Cytoskeleton

Network of protein fibers (microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments)
Maintains cell shape, anchors organelles, and facilitates cell movement

Centrioles and Cilia/Flagella

Centrioles organize microtubule assembly
Cilia or Flagella are hair-like structures extending from the cell, involved in movement and transport.

Nucleus

Largest organelle
Enclosed by a double membrane (nuclear envelope), continuous with ER
Contains chromatin (DNA and associated proteins), which condenses into chromosomes during cell division
Control center of cell function
Contains nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced

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Description

Test your knowledge on the basic structure of cells and their organelles. This quiz covers topics such as the plasma membrane, the roles of the nucleus, and specific organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Perfect for students studying cell biology!