Cell Structure and Organelles Quiz

Special cellular compartments that contain enzymes for breaking down harmful substances.

A toxic compound often produced as a byproduct of cellular activity.

The enzyme in peroxisomes that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

The process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, often with the release of energy.

Tiny organelles found in cells that are responsible for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes are made up of two subunits: a small subunit and a large subunit.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins make up the ribosomal subunits.

Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, while bound ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).

Bound ribosomes produce proteins that are destined for export or for use in other organelles within the cell.

Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are responsible for synthesizing proteins that will be exported outside the cell.

Proteins synthesized by ribosomes attached to the ER are called secretory proteins.

Ribosomes that are free-floating in the cytoplasm can form groups called polysomes.

Polysomes translate mRNA molecules into proteins that will be used within the cell.

Ribosomes attached to the ER specialize in making proteins for export, while free ribosomes focus on making proteins for the cell's own needs.

Hair-like structures that help move substances along the surface of cells.

A whip-like structure found in sperm cells, responsible for their movement.

The control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) and responsible for regulating cellular activities.

A double-layered membrane that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm.

A network of interconnected membranes within the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.

Cilia and flagella are hair-like structures that extend from the cell surface. They are involved in movement and locomotion.

Cilia are short hair-like structures that move in a coordinated, wave-like motion. Flagella are long, whip-like structures that propel the cell.

A basal body is a structure located at the base of each cilium or flagellum. It helps anchor the structure to the cell and is involved in its formation and assembly.

Basal bodies are similar in structure to centrioles, both having 9 surrounding microtubules and 2 central microtubules. This arrangement forms a cylindrical structure.

The unique arrangement of microtubules in basal bodies and centrioles helps provide structural support and contributes to their role in cell motility.

Chromatin is a thread-like structure found in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell. It's made up of DNA and proteins, and it condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

Chromosomes are condensed, rod-shaped structures that contain genes. They are formed from chromatin during cell division.

Genes are segments of DNA that carry instructions for building and maintaining an organism. They determine traits like eye color, hair color, and even diseases.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic information in genes. It's like a blueprint for life, guiding the production of proteins and other essential molecules.

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell, and they are responsible for carrying genetic information. They are condensed forms of chromatin, which is made up of DNA and protein.