Cell Structure and Organelles Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the four major types of primary tissues in the body?

  • Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective (correct)
  • Muscle, Epithelium, Nerve, Cartilage
  • Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, Nervous
  • Epithelial, Connective, Vascular, Osteoid

    • Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane?

  • It transports nutrients into the cell only
  • It is a protective sheath separating intracellular and extracellular fluids (correct)
  • It eliminates waste materials from the cell
  • It produces energy for the cell

    • Which of the following organs is primarily composed of nervous tissue?

  • Lungs
  • Gallbladder
  • Heart
  • Brain (correct)

    • Which type of organ system is responsible for digestion?

    <p>Digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition percentage of proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue primarily facilitates movement in the body?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of connective tissue?

    <p>Connects and supports other tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How thick is the cell membrane generally, measured in Angstroms (Å)?

    <p>75 to 111 Å</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of coronary circulation?

    <p>Supply blood to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circulation system is specifically involved in the exchange of respiratory gases?

    <p>Pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological process primarily occurs within capillary circulation?

    <p>Nutrient and waste exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During vigorous exercise, which cardiovascular adjustment typically occurs?

    <p>Increased heart rate and stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of uncontrolled hemorrhage?

    <p>Circulatory shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the movement of air during inhalation?

    <p>Lungs increase in volume, allowing air in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does splanchnic circulation serve in the body?

    <p>Delivers blood to the liver, spleen, and gastrointestinal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological changes occur to the alveolar air compared to inspired air?

    <p>It contains more carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of layers that form the structure of the cell membrane?

    <p>Lipid layers and protein layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model was the first proposed basic model of membrane structure?

    <p>Danielli-Davson model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the excretory system?

    <p>Elimination of unwanted substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the central layer of the cell membrane consisting of lipids represent?

    <p>Lipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for the transport of substances between organs?

    <p>Cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers are revealed in the electron microscopic study of the cell membrane?

    <p>Three layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not part of the cell's structure?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the lipid layer in the cell membrane?

    <p>Forming a barrier to polar substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of integral proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Providing structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function describes how the cell membrane selectively allows substances to pass?

    <p>Selective permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is responsible for helping the diffusion of water-soluble substances?

    <p>Channel proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of receptor proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Acting as binding sites for hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of carrier proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Acting as pumps for ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of the cell membrane involves the removal of waste products?

    <p>Excretory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the cytoplasm largely made up of?

    <p>Clear liquid portion called cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is attributed to the role of the cell membrane in gas exchange?

    <p>It allows the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomal proteases?

    <p>To hydrolyze proteins into amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes autophagy?

    <p>The digestion of worn-out cytoplasmic organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Golgi apparatus referred to as the 'post office of the cell'?

    <p>It sorts and labels materials for delivery to their destinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lipases play in lysosomal function?

    <p>They hydrolyze lipids into fatty acids and glycerides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main types of materials processed in the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Glycoproteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heterophagy refers to which of the following processes?

    <p>Digestion of extracellular materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of enzyme would be involved in hydrolyzing polysaccharides?

    <p>Amylases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step the Golgi apparatus performs before delivering materials?

    <p>Labeling and sorting of processed materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure

    • The smallest unit of life is the cell.
    • Cells are comprised of a cell body and a membrane.
    • The cell body has two parts: the nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm.
    • The cell membrane is a protective sheath that envelops the cell body.
    • The cell membrane separates the extracellular fluid (ECF) from the intracellular fluid (ICF).
    • The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass through while acting as a barrier for others.
    • The cell membrane is composed of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
    • The cytoplasm of the cell is a jelly-like material containing cytosol and various particles.

    Lysosomes

    • Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes.
    • Lysosomes are responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules within the cell.
    • Lysosomes play a role in both heterophagy (digestion of extracellular materials) and autophagy (digestion of intracellular materials).

    Golgi Apparatus

    • The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle responsible for processing and packaging materials within the cell.
    • It modifies and processes glycoproteins and lipids.
    • The Golgi apparatus packages materials into secretory granules, secretory vesicles, and lysosomes.
    • It sorts and labels these materials depending on their chemical content for delivery to their destination.
    • The Golgi apparatus is a crucial part of the cell's "shipping department."

    Cell Membrane Functions

    • The cell membrane provides structural integrity to the cell.
    • Channel proteins facilitate the diffusion of water-soluble substances like glucose and electrolytes.
    • Carrier or transport proteins aid in the transport of substances across the cell membrane through active or passive transport.
    • Receptor proteins serve as receptor sites for hormones and neurotransmitters.
    • Some protein molecules act as enzymes.

    Types of Tissues

    • There are four major primary types of tissues in the body:
      • Muscle tissue (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)
      • Nervous tissue (neurons and supporting cells)
      • Epithelial tissue (squamous, columnar, cuboidal)
      • Connective tissue (connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood)

    Organ & Organ Systems

    • An organ is formed by two or more primary types of tissues and performs specific functions.
    • Examples of organs include the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines.
    • An organ system is a group of organs working together to carry out specific functions.
    • Examples of organ systems include the digestive, excretory, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems.

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    Essentials of Medical Physiology 6th Edition PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental components of cells, including their structure, lysosomes, and the Golgi apparatus. This quiz covers key concepts such as cell membranes, cytoplasm, and the functions of various organelles. Ideal for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular biology.

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