10 Questions
Describe the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis.
The ER is involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport, and it provides a site for the translation of mRNA into protein.
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
To separate the cell from its environment and regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?
Passive transport occurs without energy input, moving molecules from high to low concentration, whereas active transport requires energy input, moving molecules from low to high concentration.
What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
The cytoskeleton provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell, and is involved in cell division and signaling.
Describe the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, while meiosis results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances.
What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes translate mRNA into protein, synthesizing polypeptide chains.
What is the purpose of the nucleus in the cell?
The nucleus contains most of the cell's genetic material, DNA, and regulates gene expression.
What is the role of signals and receptors in cellular communication?
Signals convey information from one cell to another, and receptors on the target cell bind to signals, initiating a response.
Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Plasma Membrane: a semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment, composed of phospholipid bilayer and proteins
- Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, where many metabolic reactions take place
- Nucleus: the control center of the cell, containing most of the cell's genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport
- Lysosomes: membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes, responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste
- Ribosomes: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis
- Cytoskeleton: a network of filaments that provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell
Cell Membrane Transport
-
Passive Transport: movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, no energy required
- Diffusion: random movement of molecules
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
-
Active Transport: movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, energy required
- Carrier Proteins: transport molecules across the membrane using energy
- Pumps: transport molecules across the membrane using energy
Cell Division
-
Mitosis: the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Interphase: the stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for cell division
- Prophase: the stage of the cell cycle where the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase: the stage of the cell cycle where the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: the stage of the cell cycle where the sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: the stage of the cell cycle where the nuclear envelope reforms
- Cytokinesis: the stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides
- Meiosis: the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, occurs in reproductive cells
Cellular Communication
- Signals: molecules that convey information from one cell to another
- Receptors: proteins on the surface of the target cell that bind to signals
- Signaling Pathways: a series of molecular interactions that occur in response to a signal, leading to a cellular response
Cell Structure
- Plasma Membrane: separates the cell from its environment, semi-permeable, and composed of phospholipid bilayer and proteins.
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, where many metabolic reactions take place.
- Nucleus: contains most of the cell's genetic material (DNA), the control center of the cell.
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport.
- Lysosomes: breaks down and recycles cellular waste, containing digestive enzymes.
- Ribosomes: responsible for protein synthesis, found throughout the cytoplasm.
- Cytoskeleton: provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell.
Cell Membrane Transport
- Passive Transport: movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration, no energy required.
- Diffusion: random movement of molecules.
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
- Active Transport: movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration, energy required.
- Carrier Proteins: transport molecules across the membrane using energy.
- Pumps: transport molecules across the membrane using energy.
Cell Division
- Mitosis: results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- Interphase: stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for cell division.
- Prophase: stage of the cell cycle where the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
- Metaphase: stage of the cell cycle where the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
- Anaphase: stage of the cell cycle where the sister chromatids separate.
- Telophase: stage of the cell cycle where the nuclear envelope reforms.
- Cytokinesis: stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides.
- Meiosis: results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, occurs in reproductive cells.
Cellular Communication
- Signals: molecules that convey information from one cell to another.
- Receptors: proteins on the surface of the target cell that bind to signals.
- Signaling Pathways: a series of molecular interactions that occur in response to a signal, leading to a cellular response.
Learn about the different components of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Understand their functions and importance in cellular processes.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
