Cell Structure and Organelles

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

Which organelle is responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration?

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport?

What is the main function of lysosomes in cells?

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in cells?

What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells?

Cell Membrane

Also known as the plasma membrane, it is a thin, semi-permeable layer that surrounds the cell
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Functions:
- Regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell
- Provides mechanical support and maintains cell shape
- Acts as a barrier against external substances

Organelles

Animal Cells

Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport
Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste
Golgi Apparatus: modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
Cytoskeleton: provides structural support and shape to the cell

Plant Cells

Chloroplasts: responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy
Vacuoles: stores water, nutrients, and waste products; helps maintain cell turgor pressure
Plastids: involved in pigment synthesis and storage
Cell Wall: provides structural support and protection; composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin

Note: Plant cells have additional organelles not found in animal cells, such as chloroplasts and a cell wall.

Test your knowledge of the cell membrane and various organelles found in animal and plant cells, including their functions and characteristics. Learn about the different components that make up a cell and how they work together to maintain cellular functions.