Cell Structure and Organelles

Plasma Membrane: semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes take place
Nucleus: control center of the cell where DNA is stored
Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
Lysosomes: membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes
Cytoskeleton: network of filaments that provides structural support and shape to the cell

Prokaryotic Cells: lack a true nucleus, found in bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells: have a true nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Stem Cells: undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells
Differentiated Cells: specialized cells that perform specific functions (e.g. nerve cells, muscle cells)

Epithelial Tissue: forms the lining of organs and glands, protects underlying tissues
Connective Tissue: provides support and structure to the body, includes bone, cartilage, and fat
Muscle Tissue: responsible for movement and contraction
Nervous Tissue: transmits and processes information, includes brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Protection: epithelial tissue protects underlying tissues, connective tissue provides structural support
Support: connective tissue provides framework for the body
Movement: muscle tissue allows for movement and contraction
Regulation: nervous tissue regulates body functions and responds to stimuli

The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes, such as protein synthesis and cell signaling, take place.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored, and it plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and reproduction.
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration, producing ATP from glucose and other organic molecules.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, where messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes, which break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances.
The cytoskeleton is a network of filaments that provides structural support and shape to the cell, and plays a role in cell division, movement, and signaling.

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, have a single circular chromosome, and are typically found in bacteria, such as E. coli.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, linear chromosomes, and are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists, such as yeast and paramecia.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, or blood cells, through the process of cell differentiation.
Differentiated cells are specialized cells that perform specific functions, such as transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of muscles, or production of hormones.

Epithelial tissue forms the lining of organs and glands, and protects underlying tissues from damage, infection, or desiccation.
Connective tissue provides support and structure to the body, and includes bone, cartilage, fat, and blood, which support various bodily functions.
Muscle tissue is responsible for movement and contraction, and includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle, which work together to maintain posture, move limbs, and pump blood.
Nervous tissue transmits and processes information, and includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, which are responsible for controlling various bodily functions.

Protection is provided by epithelial tissue, which forms a barrier against external damage, and connective tissue, which provides structural support to the body.
Support is provided by connective tissue, which forms the framework of the body, and muscle tissue, which maintains posture and movement.
Movement is facilitated by muscle tissue, which allows for contraction and relaxation of muscles.
Regulation is performed by nervous tissue, which regulates body functions, responds to stimuli, and integrates information from various sensory inputs.