8 Questions
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
Generating energy for the cell
What is the term for the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms?
Metabolism
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy?
Passive Transport
What is the primary function of the lysosomes?
Breaking down foreign substances and cellular waste
What is the term for the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
Meiosis
What is the term for the jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place?
Cytoplasm
What is the term for the control center of the cell where DNA is stored?
Nucleus
What is the term for the type of cells that lack a true nucleus?
Prokaryotic Cells
Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Plasma Membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, regulating what enters and leaves
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place
- Nucleus: control center of the cell where DNA is stored
- Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Ribosomes: small organelles responsible for protein synthesis
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
- Lysosomes: membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes and break down foreign substances and cellular waste
- Golgi Apparatus: complex of flattened sacs and tubules that process and modify proteins and lipids for secretion
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic Cells: lack a true nucleus, found in bacteria and archaea
- Eukaryotic Cells: have a true nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms
- Growth and Development: process of increasing cell size and number
- Response to Stimuli: ability of cells to respond to changes in their environment
- Reproduction: process of creating new cells through cell division
Cell Division
- Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, occurs in gamete formation
Cell Transport
-
Passive Transport: movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy
- Diffusion: movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Active Transport: movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy
Cell Structure
- The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
- Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes are small organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
- The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage.
- Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes and break down foreign substances and cellular waste.
- The Golgi Apparatus is a complex of flattened sacs and tubules that process and modify proteins and lipids for secretion.
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are found in bacteria and archaea.
- Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Cell Functions
- Metabolism is the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms.
- Growth and development involve increasing cell size and number.
- Response to stimuli involves the ability of cells to respond to changes in their environment.
- Reproduction involves the process of creating new cells through cell division.
Cell Division
- Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, occurring in gamete formation.
Cell Transport
- Passive transport is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy.
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Active transport is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy.
Learn about the different parts of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Understand the functions of each organelle and how they work together.
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