Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Which type of cell division results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
What is the function of the lysosomes in a cell?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without using energy?
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Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
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What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
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What is the term for the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
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Which type of cells lack a true nucleus?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, regulating what enters and leaves
- Cytoplasm: gel-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: control center of the cell where DNA is stored
- Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): network of membranous tubules and sacs involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes, responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: cells carry out chemical reactions to convert energy and nutrients into ATP and other essential molecules
- Growth and development: cells divide and differentiate to form tissues and organs
- Response to stimuli: cells respond to changes in their environment, such as light, temperature, and touch
- Waste management: cells recycle and remove waste products through lysosomes and exocytosis
- Reproduction: cells divide to produce new cells, ensuring the continuation of life
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus, found in bacteria and archaea
- Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
- Stem cells: undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various cell types
- Specialized cells: cells that have unique structures and functions, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and blood cells
Cell Division
- Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, occurring in reproductive cells
- Cytokinesis: process of cell division that separates the cytoplasm and forms new cells
Cell Transport
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Passive transport: movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without using energy
- Diffusion: movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Active transport: movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, using energy
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell, making it semi-permeable.
- Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where metabolic processes occur.
- Nucleus is the control center where DNA is stored.
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and sacs involved in protein synthesis and transport.
- Ribosomes are small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, breaking down and recycling cellular waste.
Cell Functions
- Metabolism involves chemical reactions to convert energy and nutrients into ATP and other essential molecules.
- Cells divide and differentiate to form tissues and organs during growth and development.
- Cells respond to changes in their environment, such as light, temperature, and touch, through response to stimuli.
- Waste management involves recycling and removing waste products through lysosomes and exocytosis.
- Reproduction involves cells dividing to produce new cells, ensuring the continuation of life.
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are found in bacteria and archaea.
- Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
- Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various cell types.
- Specialized cells have unique structures and functions, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and blood cells.
Cell Division
- Mitosis results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- Meiosis results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, occurring in reproductive cells.
- Cytokinesis separates the cytoplasm and forms new cells.
Cell Transport
- Passive transport involves movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy.
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from high to low concentration.
- Active transport involves movement of molecules from low to high concentration using energy.
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell structure and function, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and more! Explore the roles of different organelles in cellular processes.