Cell Structure and Microorganisms Quiz

These organisms are too small to be seen with the naked eye and require a microscope for observation.

The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the cell. It carries out all life processes.

These are tiny structures within a cell that have specific functions, like energy production or waste removal.

This process, driven by microorganisms, converts one type of carbon compound to another by breaking down sugar.

These are substances produced by microbes that are injected to create immunity against specific diseases.

Contaminated water sources, such as those with sewage and dirt, can harbor disease-causing pathogens.

Stagnant water provides a breeding ground for mosquitoes, which can spread diseases like malaria and dengue.

Microorganisms present in stale food can produce toxins that lead to food poisoning.

A natural process where microorganisms convert one type of carbon compound into another, releasing gases like carbon dioxide.

A substance produced by microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, especially harmful ones.

The process of introducing weakened or inactive forms of pathogens into the body to stimulate the immune system and create immunity against specific diseases.

A tiny organelle found within cells, often referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell', responsible for releasing energy from food through cellular respiration.

The breakdown of food molecules within cells to release energy in the form of ATP, a process that occurs in mitochondria.

The process by which plants convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants, typically carried out by bacteria living in root nodules.

A type of waste that consists of organic matter, such as food scraps, yard waste, and animal waste.

A type of waste that consists of non-biodegradable materials, such as plastic, glass, metal, and paper.

A rise in body temperature that is a natural immune response to infection or disease.

The process of turning soil over to improve drainage, aeration, and mix in manure or fertilizer.

The ability of the body to resist disease and fight off infection.

Any organism that causes disease, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

The release of harmful substances or toxins by microorganisms into food, leading to food poisoning and illness.

The process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, often through the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms.

The process of loosening and aerating soil, often by adding organic matter such as compost or manure.

A protective covering outside the cell membrane, composed of cellulose. It provides structural support and safeguards plant cells.

The brain of the cell. It directs cellular activities, houses DNA, and controls genetic material.

A jelly-like fluid that fills the space between the cell membrane and nucleus. It acts as a medium for organelles and chemical reactions.

A network of interconnected membranes that modifies proteins produced by ribosomes and transports them to the Golgi apparatus.

An organelle consisting of flattened sacs that package and distribute proteins made by the ER.

A large organelle in plant cells surrounded by a membrane. It stores materials, wastes, and helps maintain cell pressure.

Substances made from weakened or killed microbes that are injected to stimulate an immune response and protect against specific diseases.

A type of cell lacking a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria and blue-green algae are examples.

A type of cell with a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc. Examples include Euglena, amoeba, and plant and animal cells.

The process by which microbes decompose organic matter, converting waste into useful manure and biogas.

A condition suitable for the growth of fungi. It usually involves a moist and warm environment.