Cell Structure and Membrane

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Questions and Answers

कौन सा प्रक्रिया माता-पिता कोशिका से दो जीनरूप से समान डिप्लोइड संतति कोशिकाएं उत्पन्न करती है?

माइटोसिस (correct)

मीओसिस

सिग्नलिंग

रीपैर

संतति कोशिकाएं जो मीओसिस द्वारा निर्मित होती हैं, उनमें से कितनी जीनरूप से अद्वितीय होती हैं?

एक

दो

चार (correct)

तीन

कोशिकाओं के बीच संवाद करने के लिए कौन-सी प्रक्रिया महत्वपूर्ण होती है?

सेल डिविजन

प्रोलिफरेशन

सिग्नलिंग पैथवे (correct)

क्रॉसिंग ओवर

माइटोसिस की कितनी चरण होती हैं?

चार Signup and view all the answers

क्या प्रक्रिया जनन में आवश्यक होती है और जिसमें संतति कोशिकाएं उत्पन्न होती हैं?

मीओसिस Signup and view all the answers

कोशिका के कौन से घटक एक साथ मिलकर कोशिका संरचना का निर्माण करते हैं?

प्लाज्मा मेम्ब्रेन, साइटोप्लाज्म, और विभिन्न अंगाणु Signup and view all the answers

कोशिका झिल्ली की मुख्य विशेषता क्या है?

यह केवल कुछ पदार्थों को बाहर जाने की अनुमति देती है Signup and view all the answers

रफ एंडोप्लास्मिक रेटिकुलम की विशेषता क्या है?

यह राइबोसोम्स से सुसज्जित होता है Signup and view all the answers

माइटोकॉंड्रिया की क्या भूमिका होती है?

ATP उत्पादन Signup and view all the answers

लाइसोसोम का मुख्य कार्य क्या है?

कोशिका अपशिष्ट का विघटन Signup and view all the answers

कोशिका की दुनिया में 'हॉमीस्टेसिस' का क्या मतलब है?

आन्तरिक वातावरण के संतुलन बनाए रखना Signup and view all the answers

वैक्यूओल का मुख्य कार्य क्या है?

पानी और पोषक तत्वों का संग्रह करना Signup and view all the answers

कोशिका की संरचना में सायटोसकेलेटन का क्या कार्य होता है?

कोशिका के आकार और संरचना को समर्थन देना Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
They exhibit a wide range of shapes and sizes, adapted to their specific functions.
Cells are typically microscopic in size.
Cells maintain a dynamic internal environment (homeostasis) separate from their surroundings.
Cells consist of a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and a variety of organelles.

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer.
It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell, a key function of homeostasis.
Contains proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, for transport and signaling.
Cholesterol is also part of animal cell membranes, affecting fluidity.
Membrane proteins have various roles, including transport (channels, carriers), enzymatic activity, receptor sites, and cell recognition.

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
It contains organelles and cytosol (the fluid portion).
Organelles are specialized structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific functions essential for cell survival.

Organelles

Nucleus: Contains genetic material (DNA) organized into chromosomes.
Nucleolus: Found within the nucleus, involved in ribosome synthesis.
Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, found in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of membranes involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis and modification.
Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, calcium storage, and detoxification.
Golgi apparatus: Processes, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
Mitochondria: "Powerhouses" of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.
Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes, involved in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris in the cell.
Vacuoles: Storage organelles, in plants, large central vacuoles maintain turgor pressure.
Peroxisomes: Break down fatty acids, detoxify harmful substances.
Cytoskeleton: A network of protein filaments (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments) providing structural support and intracellular transport.

Cell Division

Cell division is the process by which a single cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
Crucial for growth, repair, and reproduction in multicellular organisms.
Two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis

A process of cell division that produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells from a single diploid parent cell.
Crucial for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.
Four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces four genetically unique haploid daughter cells from a single diploid parent cell.
Essential for sexual reproduction, creating gametes (sperm and eggs).
Two rounds of division (Meiosis I & Meiosis II).
Recombination/crossing over occurs, increasing genetic diversity during meiosis.

Cell Signaling

Cells communicate with each other through various mechanisms, including direct contact and signaling molecules.
Signaling pathways allow cells to respond to external stimuli and coordinate activities within the organism.
Signaling pathways involve a cascade of molecular events within the cell.

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यह क्विज़ कोशिकाओं की संरचना और cell membrane के कार्यों पर केंद्रित है। यह जैविक प्रक्रियाओं में कोशिकाओं की भूमिका और उनके घटकों का अवलोकन करता है। इसे समझने से आपको जीव विज्ञान के मूलभूत सिद्धांतों का ज्ञान प्राप्त होगा।