Cell Structure and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest structure capable of performing all life processes?

  • Cell (correct)
  • Organelle
  • Organ
  • Tissue

Which of the following is found in ALL cells?

  • Membrane-bound organelles
  • Nucleus
  • Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
  • Ribosomes (correct)

What type of organism is composed of only one cell?

  • Multicellular
  • Organ
  • Tissue
  • Unicellular (correct)

Which of these kingdoms contain eukaryotic organisms?

<p>Eukaryota (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process do prokaryotic cells use to divide?

<p>Binary Fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of organelles within a cell?

<p>To help the cell function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell membrane primarily composed of?

<p>A phospholipid bilayer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

<p>Giving the cell shape and support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of the cytoplasm?

<p>A jelly-like substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'Fluid Mosaic Model' when describing the cell membrane?

<p>The membrane is made of many parts that move around freely. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure contains the genetic material (DNA) in a cell?

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

<p>To synthesize proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for producing lipids?

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the nucleolus?

<p>Making ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

<p>It has ribosomes on its surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and ships proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

<p>Golgi Apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria?

<p>To break down food and release energy as ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for breaking down waste materials and old cell parts?

<p>Lysosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell contains centrioles?

<p>Animal cells only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell wall primarily made of in plants?

<p>Cellulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of flagella?

<p>Moving the entire cell through extracellular fluid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

<p>Storage of materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle's main function is storage of water, nutrients, and waste?

<p>Vacuole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

<p>Mitochondrion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Theory: First Point

All living organisms are composed of cells.

Cell Theory: Second Point

Cells are the fundamental units of life, capable of carrying out life's processes.

Cell Theory: Third Point

All cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.

Eukaryotic Cell

A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Cellular Components (All)

Common features of all cells: genetic material, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and ribosomes.

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Organelles

Specialized subunits within a cell that perform specific functions.

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Cell (plasma) membrane

Surrounds all cells, controls what enters and exits. Made of a phospholipid bilayer.

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Phospholipid bilayer

Two layers of fat (phospholipids) with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. Proteins and carbs embedded.

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Cytoskeleton

Threadlike fibers made of proteins that give the cell shape and structural support.

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Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance, mainly water, that holds organelles in place within the cell.

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Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing DNA and surrounded by a nuclear membrane with pores.

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Nucleolus

A structure inside the nucleus that makes rRNA, which forms ribosomes.

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Ribosomes

Organelles made of rRNA and protein that synthesize proteins; found on Rough ER and in cytoplasm.

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes on its surface that manufactures and packages proteins for secretion.

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes that synthesizes lipids (for membranes).

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Mitochondria

Organelle where cellular respiration occurs, breaking down food to release energy as ATP.

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Chloroplast

Organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs, converting light energy into chemical energy.

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Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that protects and maintains the shape of plant, bacteria, and fungi cells.

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Central Vacuole

Large, central structure in plant cells used mainly for storage.

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Mitochondria Structure

Inner membrane and matrix (fluid part)

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Golgi Apparatus

A folded membrane that processes, sorts, and ships proteins around the cell.

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Lysosomes

Organelles found only in animal cells that contain enzymes to break down waste, bacteria, and old cell parts, and facilitate apoptosis.

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Vacuoles

Organelles used for storage of water, nutrients, and waste. Large and central in plant cells, while small and numerous in animal cells.

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Centrioles/Centrosomes

Found only in animal cells, they help the cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart.

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Cilia and Flagella

Cilia move fluid across the cell's surface, while flagella move the entire cell. Cilia are shorter and more numerous; flagella are longer and fewer.

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