Cell Structure and Function Quiz
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the smallest unit of a living organism?

  • Organ System
  • Organ
  • Cell (correct)
  • Tissue

Which of the following cell types is responsible for carrying oxygen in the body?

  • Immune cells
  • Epithelial cells
  • Red blood cells (correct)
  • Bone cells

What do several cells of one type working together form?

  • An organ
  • A tissue (correct)
  • An organism
  • A system

Which of the following best describes the relationship between organs and organ systems?

<p>Several organs combine to form a single organ system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do epithelial cells play in the body?

<p>Protect the surface of the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly represents a characteristic shared by all cells?

<p>All cells are the basic building blocks of organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In multicellular organisms, what is formed when several tissues combine?

<p>An organ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopy technique provides a detailed surface view of smaller structures such as bacterial cells?

<p>Scanning electron microscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum magnification typically achieved by light microscopes used in undergraduate college laboratories?

<p>400 times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two parameters are crucial in microscopy that affect how specimens are viewed?

<p>Magnification and resolving power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When oil immersion lenses are used, what is the typical magnification achieved for studying smaller cells?

<p>1,000 times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must a specimen be thin or translucent when viewed using light microscopy?

<p>To allow light to pass through (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical magnification range of dissecting microscopes?

<p>20 to 80 times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using dissecting microscopes compared to light microscopes?

<p>Ability to examine thick objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature differentiates modern dissecting microscopes from other types of microscopes?

<p>Binocular lens systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the light typically illuminate a sample under a dissecting microscope?

<p>From above, but may also be directed from below (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

<p>Modification of proteins for secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for sorting, packaging, and tagging lipids and proteins?

<p>Golgi apparatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to proteins as they travel through the Golgi apparatus?

<p>They undergo further modifications, including sugar addition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinguishing feature of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

<p>Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

<p>To regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of prokaryotic cells serves as the site for protein synthesis?

<p>Ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in all of the following functions except:

<p>Modification of proteins for export (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT typically found in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Membrane-bound nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the plasma membrane helps increase its surface area in specialized cells?

<p>Microvilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is located at the receiving face of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Transport vesicles from the ER (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the capsule of some prokaryotic cells play?

<p>It facilitates attachment to surfaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of proteins being tagged with small molecular groups as they exit the Golgi?

<p>They are directed to their appropriate destinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a phospholipid?

<p>Two fatty acid chains, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is correct?

<p>They contain a true nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would likely happen to individuals with celiac disease when they consume gluten?

<p>Their microvilli would be damaged, leading to malnutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do vesicles play in the transport of proteins from the RER?

<p>They encapsulate proteins for transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of water does the cytoplasm primarily consist of?

<p>70 to 80 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is true?

<p>It consists of a series of flattened membranous sacs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotic cells, where is the DNA located?

<p>In the nucleoid region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organic molecules can be found within the cytoplasm?

<p>Proteins, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component serves as an extra layer of protection in bacteria?

<p>Cell wall made of peptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consistency of the cytoplasm and what contributes to it?

<p>Semi-solid due to proteins within it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'form follows function' as it relates to cells?

<p>The structure of a cell is often designed to facilitate its specific function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the functions of the plasma membrane is FALSE?

<p>It absorbs nutrients directly from the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'cell' as observed in cork tissue?

<p>Robert Hooke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are classified as prokaryotes?

<p>Bacteria and Archaea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the unified cell theory state?

<p>Cells are the basic units of all living things. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the prefix 'pro-' in prokaryote?

<p>Early or before (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek primarily use?

<p>Simple lens microscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cell theory, what does the statement 'all new cells arise from existing cells' imply?

<p>Cell division is the process through which new cells are formed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell

The smallest unit of a living thing (organism).

Organism

A living thing, like a plant or animal.

Multicellular organism

An organism made of many cells working together.

Tissue

Cells of one kind that work together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organ

Several tissues working together for a specific function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organ system

Several organs working together for a specific function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Light Microscopy

A technique for viewing cells using visible light.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electron Microscopy

A technique for viewing cells using electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Microscope Magnification

The degree to which an object's size is enlarged in a microscope.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Microscope Resolving Power

The ability of a microscope to distinguish two closely spaced objects as separate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Light Microscope Magnification

Light microscopes in university labs typically magnify up to 400 times.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oil Immersion Lenses

Lenses that increase magnification to view smaller cells, especially prokaryotes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dissecting Microscope

Microscopes with lower magnification (20-80x), ideal for three-dimensional views of larger specimens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specimen's Thickness

For light microscopy, the specimen should be thin or translucent to allow light to pass through.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Binocular Microscopes

Dissecting microscopes usually have two separate lens systems, one for each eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dissecting Microscope Lighting

Dissecting microscopes can use light from above or below the specimen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prokaryotic cell

A cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Found in bacteria and archaea.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eukaryotic cell

A cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Found in animals, plants, fungi and protists.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the two main cell types?

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are examples of prokaryotes?

Bacteria and archaea.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are examples of eukaryotes?

Animals, plants, fungi and protists.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the cell theory?

All living things are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. All new cells arise from existing cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who coined the term 'cell'?

Robert Hooke, in 1665.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who discovered bacteria and protozoa?

Antony van Leeuwenhoek, in the 1670s.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleoid

The region in a prokaryotic cell where DNA is located, not enclosed by a membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Wall (Prokaryotic)

An outer layer of protection in prokaryotic cells, composed of peptidoglycan, which provides structural support and prevents dehydration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capsule (Prokaryotic)

A sticky outer layer found in some prokaryotes, helping them adhere to surfaces and resist phagocytosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flagella

Whip-like structures used for locomotion in some prokaryotes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organelles

Specialized, membrane-bound compartments within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plasma Membrane

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phospholipid Bilayer

The structure of the plasma membrane, composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Microvilli

Finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within a cell that contains all the organelles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytosol

The watery fluid within the cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, controlling the cell's internal environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the role of microvilli?

Microvilli increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RER Function

Modifies proteins destined for secretion from the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SER Function

Synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies medications and poisons; metabolizes alcohol; and stores calcium ions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Golgi Apparatus Function

Sorts, packages, tags, and distributes lipids and proteins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Golgi Apparatus Structure

A series of flattened membranous sacs with a receiving face near the ER and a releasing face on the opposite side.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Golgi Modifications

Modifies proteins and lipids, often by adding sugar chains.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Golgi Tagging

Adds small molecular groups to proteins and lipids for routing them to their destinations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Golgi Packaging

Packages modified and tagged proteins into vesicles for transport.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vesicle Budding

Vesicles bud from the Golgi and other membranes to transport lipids and proteins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

  • Cells are the basic building blocks of organisms.
  • Cells are specialized for specific purposes in the body.
  • All cells share fundamental characteristics, despite diversity.

How Cells Are Studied

  • Cells are too small to be seen with the naked eye, requiring microscopes.
  • Light microscopes use visible light to magnify.
  • Light microscopes magnify up to 400 times.
  • Light microscopes allow observation of living organisms.
  • Staining enhances visualization but often kills cells.
  • Electron microscopes use electron beams.
  • Electron microscopes offer higher magnification and resolution.
  • Electron microscopes allow visualization of internal cell structure, but require a vacuum, so living samples cannot be viewed.

Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

  • Prokaryotic cells: bacteria and archaea, have no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
  • Eukaryotic cells: animal, plant, fungal and protists, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
  • Prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller.
  • Size difference is related to volume and surface area.

Eukaryotic Cells - Basic Components

  • Plasma membrane: external boundary of a cell
  • Cytoplasm: internal environment
  • DNA: genetic material
  • Ribosomes: make proteins.

Components of Prokaryotic Cells

  • Cell wall: protective layer of peptidoglycan
  • Capsule: polysaccharide coating
  • Flagella: movement structures
  • Pili (or fimbriae): structures for attachment or exchange of genetic material.

Eukaryotic Cells - Specialized Features

  • Nucleus: houses genetic material
  • Chromatin: DNA and proteins
  • Nucleolus: ribosome assembly
  • Cytoskeleton: network of protein fibers (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules)
  • Lysosomes: digestive enzymes
  • Mitochondria: cellular respiration (energy production)
  • Ribosomes: protein synthesis
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): smooth ER (lipid synthesis, detoxification), rough ER (protein synthesis).
  • Golgi apparatus: processing, packaging and transport of proteins
  • Vacuoles: storage (plant cells).

Cell Theory

  • All living things are composed of one or more cells.
  • All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
  • The cell is the fundamental unit of life.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Cell Structure and Function PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on cell structure and function, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Explore how cells are studied using various types of microscopes and enhance your understanding of these fundamental biological units.

More Like This

Cellular Structures and DNA Quiz
18 questions

Cellular Structures and DNA Quiz

ThrilledGyrolite avatar
ThrilledGyrolite
Cell Biology: Structure and Function
12 questions

Cell Biology: Structure and Function

ProdigiousSavanna avatar
ProdigiousSavanna
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes and Microscopy
151 questions

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes and Microscopy

SumptuousSugilite7063 avatar
SumptuousSugilite7063
Biology Cell Theory and Structure Quiz
10 questions

Biology Cell Theory and Structure Quiz

JawDroppingLimeTree9963 avatar
JawDroppingLimeTree9963
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser