Cell Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

  • To synthesize proteins directly
  • To modify, sort, and pack proteins (correct)
  • To create energy from food molecules
  • To store genetic material

What is the role of lysosomes within a cell?

  • To synthesize lipids and proteins
  • To break down macromolecules into smaller molecules (correct)
  • To store water and nutrients
  • To assist in cell division

Which statement accurately describes a hypotonic solution in relation to a cell?

  • The solvent concentration outside the cell is higher.
  • The cell wall prevents lysis from occurring. (correct)
  • The cell will shrink as water is drawn out.
  • It leads to cells being in an equilibrium state.

What is the primary purpose of the cytoskeleton?

<p>To help maintain the cell's shape and facilitate movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a selectively permeable membrane?

<p>It permits only certain substances to pass through. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts in a plant cell?

<p>To convert sunlight into chemical energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

<p>Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, while smooth ER does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure in a cell converts chemical energy from food molecules into usable energy?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypotonic solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than inside a cell.

Hypertonic solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside a cell.

Isotonic solution

A solution with the same concentration of solutes as inside a cell.

Cell membrane

The thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and regulates what enters and leaves.

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Cytoplasm

The fluid portion of a cell outside the nucleus.

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Organelle

A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions.

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Cell Wall

A rigid layer found outside the cell membrane of plant cells and some other organisms.

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Selectively permeable membrane

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through but not others.

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Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

  • Cytoplasm: The fluid portion of the cell, outside the nucleus

  • Organelles: Specialized structures performing cellular functions within eukaryotic cells (small organs)

  • Nucleus: Holds nearly all the cell's DNA, directs protein and molecule production

  • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and materials from the ER for cell storage or release

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Synthesizes lipids (including membrane components), proteins, and materials for export.

    • Rough ER: Contains proteins for export, membrane proteins, and proteins for other cellular locations.

  • Vacuoles and Vesicles: Sacs storing water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

  • Selectively Permeable Membranes: Allow certain substances to pass through, but not others.

  • Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into usable molecules

  • Cytoskeleton: Maintains cell shape and facilitates internal movement.

  • Chloroplasts: Convert light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis

  • Mitochondria: "Powerhouses" of the cell, convert food energy into usable compounds

  • Cell Wall: A strong, protective layer surrounding the cell membrane, providing support.

  • Cell Membrane: Outer boundary regulating what enters and exits the cell, protects and supports.

  • Lipid Bilayer: Two-layered sheet forming the cell membrane, acting as a barrier.

  • Microtubules: Hollow protein structures (tubulins) maintaining cell shape and involved in division.

  • Cilia: Short hair-like projections for movement

  • Flagella: Longer whip-like structures for movement in protists.

  • Microfilaments: Thread-like protein structures (actin) providing support and movement.

Cell Membranes and Tonicity

  • Hypotonic Solution: Water rushes into the cell, causing it to swell. Plant cells thrive in hypotonic solutions. Animal cells without walls may lyse (burst).

  • Hypertonic Solution: Water rushes out of the cell, causing it to shrink. Animal cells will shrivel.

  • Isotonic Solution: The concentration of solutes is balanced between the cell and the solution, and there is no net movement of water.

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