Podcast
Questions and Answers
What process uses ingested materials for the growth and repair of cells?
What process uses ingested materials for the growth and repair of cells?
Which of the following is the primary function of excretion in cells?
Which of the following is the primary function of excretion in cells?
What function allows a cell to respond to stimuli such as light or temperature?
What function allows a cell to respond to stimuli such as light or temperature?
What is the main purpose of respiration in cells?
What is the main purpose of respiration in cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process primarily involves the breakdown of food to release energy?
Which process primarily involves the breakdown of food to release energy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?
What is the result of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about cell division is true?
Which of the following statements about cell division is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the essential function of assimilation in cells?
What is the essential function of assimilation in cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the main functions of the Golgi apparatus?
What is one of the main functions of the Golgi apparatus?
Signup and view all the answers
How do mitochondria contribute to cellular energy production?
How do mitochondria contribute to cellular energy production?
Signup and view all the answers
Which function is attributed specifically to lysosomes?
Which function is attributed specifically to lysosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement correctly describes ribosomes?
Which statement correctly describes ribosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of vacuoles in a cell?
What is the primary role of vacuoles in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which molecular structures do ribosomes primarily consist of?
Which molecular structures do ribosomes primarily consist of?
Signup and view all the answers
What triggers the digestive capabilities of lysosomes?
What triggers the digestive capabilities of lysosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the mitochondria?
Which of the following best describes the mitochondria?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of the cell is known as the 'control center' and contains DNA?
Which component of the cell is known as the 'control center' and contains DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Signup and view all the answers
The Golgi bodies are primarily responsible for which cellular function?
The Golgi bodies are primarily responsible for which cellular function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the human cell mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the human cell mentioned in the content?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the selective permeability of the nuclear envelope benefit the nucleus?
How does the selective permeability of the nuclear envelope benefit the nucleus?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of proteins are embedded within the cell membrane?
What type of proteins are embedded within the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Fundamental unit of life, capable of self-replication.
- Groups of cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems work together to form a living organism.
Cell Functions
- Ingestion and assimilation: Cells take in substances like amino acids and use them to build complex molecules like proteins.
- Growth and repair: Ingested and digested materials are used to synthesize new protoplasm, increasing cell size and replacing worn-out parts.
-
Metabolism:
- Anabolism: Building up complex molecules from simpler ones.
- Catabolism: Breaking down complex molecules to release energy.
- Respiration: Cells take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, essential for survival and function.
- Excretion: Cells eliminate waste products through the interstitial fluid, which is then carried by blood to be excreted by organs like lungs and kidneys.
- Irritability and conductivity: Cells respond to stimuli (physical, chemical, thermal, electrical, mechanical) by contracting or conducting an impulse, as seen in nerve cells.
-
Reproduction: Cells divide to produce daughter cells through mitosis and meiosis.
- Mitosis: Replaces worn-out cells or those damaged by disease, resulting in daughter cells with all 46 chromosomes.
- Meiosis: Occurs in sex organs (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes (sperm and egg) with only 23 chromosomes.
Cell Structures
- Cell membrane: Thin outermost layer, selectively permeable, controls what enters and exits the cell, provides stability and protection.
-
Nucleus: The largest organelle, contains genetic information (DNA) on chromosomes.
- Function: Controls cell metabolism and reproduction, DNA production, and RNA synthesis for protein synthesis.
-
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranous canals filled with fluid.
- Rough ER: Lined with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.
- Smooth ER: Contains no ribosomes, involved in lipid and steroid synthesis.
- Function: Transports materials throughout the cell, aids in synthesis of proteins, lipids, and steroids, concentrates products, and provides a pathway for transporting chemicals.
-
Golgi bodies: Stacks of flattened membranous sacs.
- Function: Processes and packages macromolecules, helps synthesize carbohydrates, sorts proteins, acts as the "wrapping and packaging department" of the cell, and forms lysosomes.
-
Mitochondria: Round, "tube-like" organelles with a double membrane, the inner membrane is highly folded.
- Function: "Powerhouse" of the cell, releases food energy from molecules through respiration, main site of ATP synthesis and storage, site of citric acid cycle, beta oxidation, and urea cycle, performs cellular energy conversion and transfer, contains its own DNA and is self-replicative.
-
Lysosomes: Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes.
- Function: Digestive system of the cell, intracellular digestion, removal of dead cells, involved in malfunctioning of lysosomes and fertilization.
-
Ribosomes: Complexes of ribosomal RNA and proteins.
- Function: Protein synthesis factories, decode messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate its base sequence into an amino acid sequence, forming peptide bonds.
-
Vacuoles: Membrane-bound organelles filled with water and molecules.
- Function: Sequester waste products.
-
Centrosomes: Involved in cell division.
- Function: Organize microtubules that form the spindle fibers during cell division.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on cell structure and its essential functions. This quiz covers key topics such as ingestion, metabolism, growth, respiration, and waste elimination in cells. Understand the complex processes that make life possible at the cellular level.
