Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What do chromatid structures represent during cell division?

  • Unpaired chromosomes
  • Newly copied chromosome (correct)
  • Complex proteins
  • Loose coils of DNA

    • What is the primary function of ribosomes?

  • Produce proteins (correct)
  • Generate energy
  • Transport materials
  • Modify lipids

    • Which type of Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved mainly in lipid synthesis?

  • Rough ER
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Ribosomes
  • Smooth ER (correct)

    • What role does the Golgi Apparatus play in the cell?

    <p>Modifies and packages proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are secretory vesicles responsible for?

    <p>Transporting substances to the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy source for most chemical reactions within a cell?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component acts as a 'garbage collector' in the cell?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human cells?

    <p>23 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of channels allows ions to pass through without control?

    <p>Leak Channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?

    <p>Hydrophobic tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cholesterol play in the cell membrane?

    <p>Adds strength and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the movement of solutes down the concentration gradient?

    <p>Movement from high to low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does osmosis primarily function in a biological context?

    <p>Diffusion of water from higher to lower concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for a substance to move against its concentration gradient?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Receptor molecules are primarily involved in which cellular function?

    <p>Intercellular communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes passive transport?

    <p>Involves the movement of substances without energy input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of mitochondria in a cell?

    <p>The energy requirements of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for supporting the cell's structure?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of centrioles during cell division?

    <p>To facilitate chromosome movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do cilia play in the body?

    <p>Moving substances over cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of the cell membrane allows it to selectively permit certain substances to pass through?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecule can easily pass through a cell's phospholipid bilayer?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of channels present in the cell membrane?

    <p>Leak channels and gated channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which structure do microtubules organize to form triplets during centriole formation?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

    <p>The cell swells and may burst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an isotonic solution?

    <p>It has equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of a hypertonic solution on a cell?

    <p>The cell loses water and shrinks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does facilitated diffusion differ from active transport?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion moves substances from high to low concentration while active transport moves them from low to high concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for active transport to occur?

    <p>Energy in the form of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules commonly requires carrier-mediated transport mechanisms to enter cells?

    <p>Polar molecules such as glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carrier molecules in the cell membrane?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if ATP is not available for a cell?

    <p>Active transport would stop functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism primarily involves the active transport of sodium across the cell membrane?

    <p>Secondary Active Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of endocytosis is characterized by the cell taking in solid particles?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released from the cell during the process of exocytosis?

    <p>Material contained in vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes cell metabolism?

    <p>It encompasses all chemical reactions that occur within cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells are capable of communication primarily through which of the following?

    <p>Chemical and electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules do cells synthesize that influence their structural and functional characteristics?

    <p>Proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of receptor-mediated endocytosis in a cell?

    <p>To selectively transport specific substances into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of secretory vesicles in some cells?

    <p>They accumulate materials for release from the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, which include genes made of DNA and proteins.
    • Chromatin refers to loosely coiled chromosomes, while tightly coiled chromosomes are visible during cell division.
    • Chromatids are the two identical copies formed after DNA replication, known as sister chromatids.

    Ribosomes

    • Ribosomes are organelles that synthesize proteins, functioning as micro-machines.
    • Ribosomes can be free within the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).

    Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Comprised of a series of membranes forming sacs and tubules extending from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm.
    • Rough ER has attached ribosomes and is the primary site for protein synthesis, whereas Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.

    Golgi Apparatus

    • A series of membrane sacs that modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids made by the ER.
    • Chemically alters proteins by attaching carbohydrates or lipids, highly developed in secretory cells like those in salivary glands and the pancreas.

    Secretory Vesicles

    • Membrane-bound sacs that transport substances from the Golgi Apparatus to the cell membrane for release.
    • Accumulate in cytoplasm and release contents in response to cellular signals.

    Lysosomes

    • Membrane-bound vesicles formed from the Golgi that digest phagocytized materials, acting as the cell's garbage collector.

    Mitochondria

    • The primary sites of ATP production through cellular respiration, breaking down food molecules with oxygen.
    • Cells requiring more energy possess a higher number of mitochondria.

    Cytoskeleton

    • Provides structural support to the cytoplasm and organelles, facilitating cell movement.
    • Composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, serving as an internal framework.

    Centrioles

    • Located in the centrosome, made of microtubules and help with chromosome movement during cell division.
    • Each centrosome contains two centrioles organized into nine triplets.

    Cilia, Flagella, and Microvilli

    • Cilia move substances across cell surfaces and vary in number, while flagella propel sperm cells.
    • Microvilli increase surface area for absorption and are found in cells lining the intestines.

    Cell Membrane

    • Selectively permeable structure allowing specific substances to enter or exit the cell.
    • Composed of a phospholipid bilayer that acts as a barrier to water-soluble substances.

    Transport Mechanisms

    • Passive transport includes diffusion and osmosis; active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient and requires ATP.
    • Facilitated diffusion utilizes carrier proteins to assist movement across the membrane.

    Osmotic Conditions

    • Hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell, isotonic solutions do not change cells' size, and hypertonic solutions lead to cell shrinkage.

    Endocytosis and Exocytosis

    • Endocytosis transports large molecules into cells via vesicles; it can involve phagocytosis (solid material) or pinocytosis (liquid).
    • Exocytosis releases materials from vesicles into the extracellular space.

    Cell Functions

    • Cell metabolism includes all chemical reactions within cells, generating energy for various activities.
    • Cells synthesize proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, impacting their structure and function.
    • Cell communication involves the transfer of chemical and electrical signals, enabling coordination of activities.
    • Reproduction and inheritance are managed through the genetic information contained in each cell.

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    Week 2 - Cell Structure and Function PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the essential components of human cells, including chromosomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus. This quiz covers cell structure, function, and the roles of various organelles in cellular processes. Perfect for students studying biology!

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