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Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Cell Structure and Function Quiz

Created by
@AppealingTundra

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells possess a nucleus.
  • Prokaryotic cells are usually larger than eukaryotic cells.
  • Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
  • Prokaryotic cells have DNA that is not enclosed in a membrane. (correct)

    • How do prokaryotic cells generally differ in size when compared to eukaryotic cells?

  • Both are approximately the same size.
  • Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller. (correct)
  • Prokaryotic cells are usually larger.
  • Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller.

    • Which component is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Nucleus
  • Membrane-bound organelles
  • Capsule
  • Ribosomes (correct)

    • What is true about the structural complexity of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They are very small and have a simple structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do some prokaryotes have that aids in movement?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

    <p>Cell wall made of cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is accurate?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Both have cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function do lysosomes serve in the cell?

    <p>Digestion of food and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribosomes play a crucial role in the cell by performing which of the following functions?

    <p>Production of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a cell acts as the control center for genetic information?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components necessary for ribosome formation found in the nucleolus?

    <p>RNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of chromatin within the nucleus?

    <p>DNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biological function is associated with cilia?

    <p>Movement of particles along the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Lack of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's observations in 1674?

    <p>He observed tiny living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek use for the tiny living organisms he discovered?

    <p>Animalcules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion did Matthias Schleiden reach about plants in 1838?

    <p>All plants are made up of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major component of most cell membranes?

    <p>Lipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does the cell membrane perform?

    <p>Separating the cell from its environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Leeuwenhoek discover in 1683?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vacuoles in cells?

    <p>Store materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of proteins in cell membranes?

    <p>To control passage of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

    <p>Maintaining the cell's shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes peroxisomes?

    <p>Oxidize and break down fatty acids and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?

    <p>They lack a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism classification is included in eukaryotes?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the cytoskeleton's functions extend to unicellular organisms?

    <p>It enables independent movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is not typical of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of a defined nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a centrosome play in a cell?

    <p>Regulates cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the size comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about organelles in eukaryotic cells is correct?

    <p>They perform specialized functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>Single layer of cells that may appear stacked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the extracellular matrix of connective tissues mainly consist of?

    <p>Protein fibers and ground substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue provides structural support and cushioning properties through a firm matrix?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue forms the skeletal system and provides protection?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates blood from other connective tissues?

    <p>Is made up of plasma and dissolved proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about muscle tissues is correct?

    <p>They enable both voluntary and involuntary movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the ground substance in connective tissues?

    <p>It can range from liquid to gel-like to solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can cartilage typically be found in the body?

    <p>In the rib cage, nose, trachea, and end of long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

    • In 1674, observed tiny living organisms in pond water using simple microscopes.
    • Dutch businessman and early microscopist known for magnifying small objects with a single powerful lens.
    • Discovered motility in living organisms on October 9, 1676, concluding that these were living due to their motion.
    • In 1683, identified bacteria and named single-celled organisms "animalcules," including protozoa.

    Contributions to Cell Theory

    • Matthias Schleiden (1838), German botanist, asserted all plants are made of cells after studying plant structures.
    • Emphasized the cell nucleus's importance related to cell division.

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Cell Membrane: Double-layered lipid bilayer that controls passage of substances; contains proteins and carbohydrates.
    • Lysosomes: Produced by the rough ER and Golgi apparatus; digest cell food and waste.
    • Vacuoles: Sac-like structures for storage of substances.
    • Ribosomes: Sites for protein synthesis following instructions from the nucleus.
    • Nucleus: Cell's genetic control center and hereditary blueprint; houses DNA and directs protein synthesis.
    • Nucleolus: Composed of chromatin, RNA, and proteins; synthesizes ribosome components.
    • Chromatin: Granular material made of DNA and proteins.
    • Cytoskeleton: Network of protein filaments maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement and organization of organelles.
    • Peroxisomes: Break down fatty acids and amino acids; detoxify poisons.
    • Centrosomes: Organizing centers of microtubules involved in cell division.

    Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

    • Prokaryotes: Unicellular, smaller and simpler cells without a nucleus; DNA is not membrane-bound.
    • Eukaryotes: Can be unicellular or multicellular, larger and more complex, with membrane-bound organelles and nucleus.

    Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotes have no nucleus; eukaryotes contain a nucleus.
    • Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have them.
    • Prokaryotic cells are typically unicellular, whereas eukaryotes can be both unicellular and multicellular.

    Comparison of Animal and Plant Cells

    • Animal Cells: Generally smaller, irregular shape; lack a cell wall.
    • Plant Cells: Usually larger, rectangular, and enclosed by a rigid cell wall.

    Connective Tissues

    • Vary widely in form and function; characterized by an extracellular matrix composed of protein fibers and ground substance.
    • Fibrous Connective Tissue: Comprises collagen fibers; found in tendons and ligaments, providing strength.
    • Cartilage: Firm matrix with abundant collagen; offers structural support and cushioning.
    • Bone: Forms the skeletal system; provides support, protection, and mineral storage.
    • Blood: Composed of plasma, water, salts, and proteins; includes white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

    Muscle Tissues

    • Composed of long muscle fibers allowing voluntary or involuntary body movements.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of cell structure and function. This quiz covers historical observations, key figures in biology, and the theory of endosymbiosis. Prepare to explore the intricate world of cells and their significance in evolution.

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