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Questions and Answers
Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of cellulose.
False
The cell wall serves as a rigid layer that provides support and protection.
True
Organisms in the class Archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
True
The cytoplasm contains all organelles, including ribosomes, which are exclusive to prokaryotic cells.
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The nucleus contains the genomic content of prokaryotic cells.
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Diatoms have cell walls composed of silica, making them very rigid.
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Cellulose and chitin are components of cell walls found in fungi and plants.
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Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.
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The nucleolus is the site of DNA replication within the nucleus.
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The rough endoplasmic reticulum is identified by its smooth appearance due to the lack of ribosomes.
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Mitochondria are primarily responsible for generating ATP.
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Lysosomes serve as the communication center of the cell.
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The Golgi complex modifies and packages proteins before distribution.
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The structure known as cristae is associated with lysosomes.
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Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes in their cytoplasm.
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The endoplasmic reticulum is composed only of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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Study Notes
Cell Wall
- Found in bacteria, plants, fungi, and algae
- Maintains cell shape
- Provides structural support and protection
- Composed of different materials in different organisms
- Bacteria: Contains peptidoglycan, a peptide-polysaccharide matrix
- Archaea: Lack peptidoglycan, instead use surface-layer proteins (S-layer)
- Plants: Contains cellulose and pectin
- Fungi: Contains cellulose and chitin
- Yeasts: Composed of mannoproteins (mannan and mannose)
- Diatoms: Thick cell walls contain silica
Cytoplasm
- The fluid within the cell membrane
- Contains dissolved substances essential for cellular functions
- Home to organelles
Nucleus
- The defining feature of eukaryotic cells
- Surrounded by a porous double lipid bilayer
- Contains the cell's DNA
- Is the control center of the cell
- Contains the nucleolus, the site of ribosome synthesis
Ribosomes
- Responsible for protein synthesis
- Found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
- Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Network of membrane-enclosed sacs and tubes (lumen)
- Continuous with the nuclear membrane
- Divided into two regions:
- Rough ER (RER): Studded with ribosomes, appears rough under a microscope
- Smooth ER (SER): Lacks ribosomes, appears smooth under a microscope
Golgi Complex
- Stack of flattened sacs (vesicles) located between the nucleus and cytoplasmic membrane
- Serves as the distribution center of the cell
- Modifies and packages proteins before distribution
Lysosomes
- Membrane-enclosed organelles
- Contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular debris (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides)
- Act as the waste disposal system of the cell
Mitochondria
- Double membrane-enclosed organelles
- Primarily responsible for ATP production (cellular energy source)
- Known as the "powerhouse of the cell"
- Increase their surface area with internal folded membranes called cristae to maximize energy production
- Number varies between cell types (red blood cells have none, liver cells can have over 2000)
Chloroplasts
- Double membrane-enclosed organelles found only in algae and plants
- Contain chlorophyll, the photosynthetic pigment
- Not found in animal cells
- Site of photosynthesis (convert sunlight into ATP and NADPH)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental components of cells, including the cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, and ribosomes. This quiz covers the characteristics, functions, and differences across various types of cells. Enhance your understanding of cellular biology!
