Cell Structure and Function Quiz

<p>Cellulose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing sugars, water, minerals, and proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluidity increases due to increased space between molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate cell-cell communication and interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate the movement of substances across the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have specific receptor sites for particular molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify cells as belonging to the organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases fluidity by reducing energy and motion of tails (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To link cells together and maintain tissue structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theodor Schwann (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Package DNA in a nucleoid region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3:1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides more space for molecule diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells arise from pre-existing cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy production through cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenosine Triphosphate, the main energy storage molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains DNA in a nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear envelope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traffic congestion of molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cristae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double lipid layer with pores allowing selective transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holds cytosol and organelles, carrying out chemical reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a high surface area to volume ratio. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a specific shape and chemical behavior designed for specific substrates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The active form of an enzyme when combined with its coenzyme or cofactor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the speed of reactions by lowering energy requirements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance surface area for absorption of nutrients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both cations and organic molecules like vitamins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the distance substances must diffuse to leave or enter the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the exchange of materials and messages in and out of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heads are hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic, forming a bilayer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduces fluidity by causing phospholipids to cluster together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat-soluble substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell wall adds support and is permeable, while plasma membrane is selectively permeable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It permits rapid sideways movement of its components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releasing energy.

A process where smaller molecules are combined to form larger ones, requiring energy.

The outer boundary of a cell that controls what enters and exits.

The jelly-like substance inside a cell that suspends organelles and allows chemical reactions.

The 'control center' of a cell, containing DNA and coordinating cellular activities.

The site of ribosome synthesis within the nucleus.

The site of aerobic cellular respiration, where energy is released for cellular processes.

The energy storage molecule used in cellular processes.

The theory stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells arise from pre-existing cells, and that the cell is the basic unit of life.

A type of cell lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Their DNA is located in a region called the nucleoid.

A type of cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.

The ratio of a cell's surface area to its volume. A higher ratio is beneficial for efficient nutrient uptake and waste removal.

The region within a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located.

The fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles in a eukaryotic cell.

Centrioles are small, cylindrical structures found in animal cells which play a crucial role in cell division. They replicate during cell division and form spindle fibers, which are made up of microtubules, and attach to chromosomes to ensure each new cell gets a full set of chromosomes.

Microfilaments are thin, threadlike structures found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, made up of the protein actin. They are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell movement, shape changes, and muscle contraction.

Cell walls are rigid, outermost layers that surround plant, bacteria, fungi, and algae cells. They provide structural support and protection for the cell. In plant cells, the cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that gives it strength.

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae that are responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs sunlight energy. The absorbed light energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a sugar that provides energy for the plant.

Vacuoles are large, fluid-filled sacs that are found in the cytoplasm of plant cells and some animal cells. They play a vital role in storing water, nutrients, and waste products. They also contribute to turgor pressure, which helps maintain the cell's shape and rigidity.

The ability of a substance to pass through a membrane by diffusion decreases as the distance the substance needs to travel increases. For very large cells, this results in a decreased rate of nutrient delivery and waste removal.

A large internal sac found in plant cells, particularly in algae. It pushes cytoplasm to the cell edge, reducing the distance between the cell membrane and the cytoplasm.

The area of a cell’s surface in contact with the surroundings. It includes the cell membrane and all internal membranes of organelles. A higher surface area to volume ratio means the cell has more contact points with the outside, improving exchange of materials.

The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It's a passive form of transport, meaning it doesn't require energy.

Amino acids that cannot be produced by our bodies and must be obtained from our diet.

Amino acids that can be produced by our bodies. There are 10 non-essential amino acids.

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in biological systems. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds. The active site has a specific size, shape, and chemical properties, which are determined by the arrangement of amino acids within the protein.

The fluidity of the plasma membrane is controlled by the temperature and the presence of cholesterol. At high temperatures, the membrane becomes more fluid. Cholesterol reduces fluidity at high temperatures by reducing the movement of the phospholipid tails.

Phytosterols are plant-based molecules similar to cholesterol and play a crucial role in plant cell membrane structure and function.

Proteins associated with cell membranes have different functions based on their location and type. Some bind to the surface, others span the membrane, and each cell type has a unique set of proteins.

Surface proteins are located on the outer surface of the cell membrane. Their role is in communication, interaction with other cells, and exchange of substances.

External plasma membrane proteins help maintain cells in their correct position and play a role in communication between cells.

Transmembrane proteins span the cell membrane, acting as 'gatekeepers' for substances passing through.

Receptor proteins bind to specific molecules, like hormones, and initiate a response within the cell.

Recognition proteins identify a cell as belonging to the body, helping the immune system recognize 'self' and defend against foreign invaders.

The plasma membrane is the outer boundary of a cell that controls what enters and exits the cell. It acts like a gatekeeper, allowing essential materials in and preventing harmful substances from entering.

The plasma membrane is composed of phospholipid molecules, which arrange themselves into a double layer called a phospholipid bilayer. Each phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic head (attracted to water) and a hydrophobic tail (repelled by water).

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows some substances to pass through while blocking others. This selective permeability is essential for maintaining the cell's internal environment.

The phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane can move sideways, giving the membrane flexibility and allowing it to change shape. The membrane is not rigid but rather fluid.

Proteins embedded within the plasma membrane perform various functions, including transporting molecules across the membrane, receiving signals from other cells, and acting as enzymes. They are like workers within the cell.

Cholesterol is a lipid that is found embedded in animal cell membranes. It helps to maintain the membrane's fluidity and stability at different temperatures.

In low temperatures, cholesterol prevents phospholipids from packing too tightly, maintaining membrane flexibility. In high temperatures, it helps to keep the membrane from becoming too fluid.

Plant cells have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane. The cell wall is a rigid structure that provides support and protection. It is permeable, allowing water and other substances to pass through.