Cell Structure and Function Quiz

Cell Structure and Function

• A cell consists of three fundamental components: the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
• The cell membrane acts as a barrier, distinguishing intracellular material from extracellular material, and regulates material exchange.
• The nucleus houses genetic material and controls cell growth and reproduction; it is the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic cells are unicellular, while eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular, encompassing all animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic cells are defined by their membrane-bound organelles and can be part of multicellular organisms.
• Animal cells contain organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum, surrounded by a plasma membrane.
• Plant cells have unique structures like a cell wall and chloroplasts, which are absent in animal cells.
• Fungi cells possess a cell wall mainly made of chitin but do not carry out photosynthesis.
• Protist cells contain all organelles found in animal cells and may have chloroplasts.

Importance of Cells

• Cells are the smallest reproducible units, performing vital roles in the structure and function of living organisms.
• They form various body tissues, such as skin, muscle, and bone, which come together to create organs.
• Cell communication and connectivity are essential for maintaining the organism's integrity and function.
• Human skin consists of numerous specialized skin cells, showcasing the importance of cells in overall structure.
• The body continuously replaces cells through division, which is necessary for growth and healing.