3 Questions
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
What is the process by which cells reproduce?
Cell Division
What is the mechanism of evolution that favors favorable traits in a population?
Natural Selection
Study Notes
Cells
- Basic unit of life
- Structural and functional units of living organisms
- Consist of:
- Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
Cell Structure
-
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
- Semi-permeable membrane
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
-
Cytoplasm
- Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Site of metabolic activities
-
Genetic Material
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- Carries genetic information
Cellular Processes
-
Metabolism
- Conversion of energy and nutrients
- Involves anabolic (building) and catabolic (breaking down) reactions
-
Photosynthesis
- Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
- Occurs in chloroplasts
-
Cell Division
- Process by which cells reproduce
- Types: Mitosis (somatic cells) and Meiosis (gametes)
Genetics
-
Inheritance
- Passing of traits from parents to offspring
- Determined by genetic information (DNA)
-
Genotype
- Genetic makeup of an organism
-
Phenotype
- Physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism
Evolution
-
Theory of Evolution
- Process by which species change over time
- Driven by natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow
-
Natural Selection
- Mechanism of evolution
- Favorable traits are selected for, increasing their frequency in a population
-
Speciation
- Process by which new species emerge
- Results from geographic isolation, genetic drift, or other factors
Cells
- Cells are the basic unit of life and are structural and functional units of living organisms
- Cells consist of:
- Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
Cell Structure
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
- Semi-permeable membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm
- Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Site of metabolic activities
Genetic Material
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid) carries genetic information
Cellular Processes
Metabolism
- Conversion of energy and nutrients
- Involves anabolic (building) and catabolic (breaking down) reactions
Photosynthesis
- Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
- Occurs in chloroplasts
Cell Division
- Process by which cells reproduce
- Types: Mitosis (somatic cells) and Meiosis (gametes)
Genetics
Inheritance
- Passing of traits from parents to offspring
- Determined by genetic information (DNA)
Genotype and Phenotype
- Genotype: genetic makeup of an organism
- Phenotype: physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism
Evolution
Theory of Evolution
- Process by which species change over time
- Driven by natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow
Natural Selection
- Mechanism of evolution
- Favorable traits are selected for, increasing their frequency in a population
Speciation
- Process by which new species emerge
- Results from geographic isolation, genetic drift, or other factors
Understand the basics of cell structure and function, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material. Learn about the components of a cell and their roles in living organisms.
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