Biology - Key Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following types of cells contains a nucleus?

Bacterial cells
All plant cells
Eukaryotic cells (correct)
Prokaryotic cells

All components of a cell can be viewed in detail using a light microscope.

False (B)

What are the structures in eukaryotic cells that are surrounded by membranes called?

Organelles

The _____ are specialized structures within a cell that perform various functions.

organelles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell components with their functions:

Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP Ribosomes = Site of protein synthesis Cell membrane = Controls entry and exit of materials Nucleus = Contains genetic material Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cells with their characteristics:

Eukaryotic cells = Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic cells = Cells without a nucleus Animal cells = Eukaryotic cells that do not have a cell wall Plant cells = Eukaryotic cells with a cell wall and chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microscopes can show ribosomes in detail?

Electron microscope (B) Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the small structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions called?

Organelles Signup and view all the answers

The selectively permeable membrane surrounding a cell is called the _____ membrane.

cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell organelles with their functions:

Mitochondria = Energy production Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Cell membrane = Regulating material entry and exit Nucleus = Contain genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes?

To speed up chemical reactions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes can be used multiple times in a chemical reaction.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the location on an enzyme where a substrate fits?

active site Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are denatured at extremes of temperature and _____ .

pH Signup and view all the answers

Match the enzyme to its catalytic function:

<h1>Lipase = Breaks down fats into fatty acids Protease = Breaks down proteins into amino acids</h1> Amylase = Breaks down starch into sugars Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis describes the specificity of enzymes?

Lock and key hypothesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Extreme temperatures and pH levels can enhance enzyme activity.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What makes enzymes specific to their substrates?

The shape of the active site Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are folded into complex _____ shapes.

3D Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an enzyme if its active site changes shape?

The substrate can no longer bind (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of movement in osmosis?

Diffusion of water across a membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

Diffusion occurs only in gases and not in liquids.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the difference in concentration of a substance across a membrane?

concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Active transport moves particles from _ concentration to _ concentration.

low, high Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines diffusion?

Movement of particles from high to low concentration (B) Signup and view all the answers

Particles in liquids and gases do not move continuously.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the example of potassium manganate(VII) mixed with water, what process is demonstrated?

diffusion Signup and view all the answers

The process of substances moving into and out of living cells by diffusion is called _____ transport.

passive Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Diffusion = Movement of particles from high to low concentration Osmosis = Diffusion of water across a membrane Active Transport = Movement of particles from low to high concentration Concentration Gradient = Difference in concentration of a substance across a membrane Signup and view all the answers

Match the food with the correct test and the colour the solution would be if the food is present:

Starch = Iodine test - Blue/black Protein = Biuret test - Purple Fats (Lipids) = Emulsion test - Cloudy Sugar = Benedict's test - Red (Little = Green/yellow) Signup and view all the answers

Diffusion is when particles move from a concentration to a concentration.

high, low Signup and view all the answers

Finish the following sentences related to active transport:

Requires... = Energy Moves particles up or against the... = Concentration gradient How bigger molecules can... = Get through the concentration gradient Low concentration of dissolved molecules to... = A high concentration Signup and view all the answers

State the definition of osmosis.

The movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low water concentration to a region of high water concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the steps in which to conduct the experiment involving the investigation of osmosis using potatoes.

<ol> <li>Prepare a solution of different concentrations (e.g., salt or sugar). 2. Cut potatoes into uniform sizes and measure their initial mass. 3. Submerge the potato pieces in the solutions. 4. Allow the potatoes to sit for a specific time (e.g., 30 minutes). 5. Remove the potatoes, blot them dry, and measure their final mass. 6. Calculate the change in mass to determine the effect of osmosis.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What can we conclude about the experiment investigating osmosis using potatoes in relation to the change of mass?

Osmosis involves the movement of water from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How would you find out the percentage change in mass when conducting the potato osmosis experiment?

By measuring the initial and final mass, and using the formula: ((final mass - initial mass) / initial mass) * 100 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the measurement with its unit and standard form equivalent:

Centimeter = cm - 110^-2 Meter = m Millimeter = mm - 110^-3 Micrometer = µm - 1*10^-6 Signup and view all the answers

Match the measurement with its unit:

Nanometer = nm - 110^-9 Picometer = pm - 110^-12 Micrometer = µm - 110^-6 Millimeter = mm - 110^-3 Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Eukaryotic cell

A type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Cell membrane

A selectively permeable membrane that encloses a cell, controlling what moves in and out.

Mitochondria

Organelles found in eukaryotic cells responsible for energy production through cellular respiration.