Biology - Key Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following types of cells contains a nucleus?

  • Bacterial cells
  • All plant cells
  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Prokaryotic cells

    • All components of a cell can be viewed in detail using a light microscope.

    False

    What are the structures in eukaryotic cells that are surrounded by membranes called?

    Organelles

    The _____ are specialized structures within a cell that perform various functions.

    <p>organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell components with their functions:

    <p>Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP Ribosomes = Site of protein synthesis Cell membrane = Controls entry and exit of materials Nucleus = Contains genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of cells with their characteristics:

    <p>Eukaryotic cells = Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic cells = Cells without a nucleus Animal cells = Eukaryotic cells that do not have a cell wall Plant cells = Eukaryotic cells with a cell wall and chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microscopes can show ribosomes in detail?

    <p>Electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions called?

    <p>Organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The selectively permeable membrane surrounding a cell is called the _____ membrane.

    <p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell organelles with their functions:

    <p>Mitochondria = Energy production Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Cell membrane = Regulating material entry and exit Nucleus = Contain genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enzymes?

    <p>To speed up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes can be used multiple times in a chemical reaction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the location on an enzyme where a substrate fits?

    <p>active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are denatured at extremes of temperature and _____ .

    <p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the enzyme to its catalytic function:

    <h1>Lipase = Breaks down fats into fatty acids Protease = Breaks down proteins into amino acids</h1> <p>Amylase = Breaks down starch into sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis describes the specificity of enzymes?

    <p>Lock and key hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extreme temperatures and pH levels can enhance enzyme activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes enzymes specific to their substrates?

    <p>The shape of the active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are folded into complex _____ shapes.

    <p>3D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an enzyme if its active site changes shape?

    <p>The substrate can no longer bind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of movement in osmosis?

    <p>Diffusion of water across a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diffusion occurs only in gases and not in liquids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the difference in concentration of a substance across a membrane?

    <p>concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active transport moves particles from _____ concentration to _____ concentration.

    <p>low, high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines diffusion?

    <p>Movement of particles from high to low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Particles in liquids and gases do not move continuously.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example of potassium manganate(VII) mixed with water, what process is demonstrated?

    <p>diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of substances moving into and out of living cells by diffusion is called _____ transport.

    <p>passive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Diffusion = Movement of particles from high to low concentration Osmosis = Diffusion of water across a membrane Active Transport = Movement of particles from low to high concentration Concentration Gradient = Difference in concentration of a substance across a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the food with the correct test and the colour the solution would be if the food is present:

    <p>Starch = Iodine test - Blue/black Protein = Biuret test - Purple Fats (Lipids) = Emulsion test - Cloudy Sugar = Benedict's test - Red (Little = Green/yellow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diffusion is when particles move from a ____ concentration to a ____ concentration.

    <p>high, low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Finish the following sentences related to active transport:

    <p>Requires... = Energy Moves particles up or against the... = Concentration gradient How bigger molecules can... = Get through the concentration gradient Low concentration of dissolved molecules to... = A high concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State the definition of osmosis.

    <p>The movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low water concentration to a region of high water concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the steps in which to conduct the experiment involving the investigation of osmosis using potatoes.

    <ol> <li>Prepare a solution of different concentrations (e.g., salt or sugar). 2. Cut potatoes into uniform sizes and measure their initial mass. 3. Submerge the potato pieces in the solutions. 4. Allow the potatoes to sit for a specific time (e.g., 30 minutes). 5. Remove the potatoes, blot them dry, and measure their final mass. 6. Calculate the change in mass to determine the effect of osmosis.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What can we conclude about the experiment investigating osmosis using potatoes in relation to the change of mass?

    <p>Osmosis involves the movement of water from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you find out the percentage change in mass when conducting the potato osmosis experiment?

    <p>By measuring the initial and final mass, and using the formula: ((final mass - initial mass) / initial mass) * 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the measurement with its unit and standard form equivalent:

    <p>Centimeter = cm - 1<em>10^-2 Meter = m Millimeter = mm - 1</em>10^-3 Micrometer = µm - 1*10^-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the measurement with its unit:

    <p>Nanometer = nm - 1<em>10^-9 Picometer = pm - 1</em>10^-12 Micrometer = µm - 1<em>10^-6 Millimeter = mm - 1</em>10^-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure

    • Cells are the basic units of life in animals.
    • Animal cells are eukaryotic, containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles within the cytoplasm.
    • Cells have specific components, each with unique functions.
    • Light and electron microscopes enable visualization of internal cell structures.
    • Plant, animal, and bacterial cells possess smaller components with specific roles.
    • Light microscopes offer cell viewing, while electron microscopes provide higher resolution.
    • Mitochondria are visible with a basic light microscope, but detail is limited; ribosomes are only observable with an electron microscope.
    • Cells are specialized, varying types working together in animals and plants.
    • Animals are composed of eukaryotic cells. A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and other membrane-bound structures in its cytoplasm.
    • The cell membrane regulates material entry and exit.
    • Animal cells are components of complex structures.
    • Analyzing biological specimens can be done using microscopes.
    • Diffusion of substances occurs across cell membranes.

    Enzymes

    • Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions.
    • Enzymes are specific for their substrate, as modeled by the lock and key hypothesis.
    • Enzymes are denatured at extreme temperatures and pH levels.
    • Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being changed by them.
    • Enzymes have complex 3D shapes with active sites where smaller molecules fit.
    • The lock and key hypothesis describes how the active site's shape matches its substrate's shape, making enzymes highly specific.
    • Each enzyme usually catalyzes only one type (or a few types) of reaction.
    • Enzymes can break down substrate molecules or join smaller ones into larger ones.
    • Extreme pH or high temperatures can change the active site's shape, rendering the enzyme unable to bind with its substrate—denaturing it.

    Diffusion and Osmosis

    • Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration.
    • Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane.
    • Active transport moves particles from low to high concentration.
    • Particles in liquids and gases move continuously, spreading evenly.
    • Particles move from high to low concentration (down a concentration gradient).
    • Diffusion occurs between regions and across membranes (including cell membranes).
    • Substances move into and out of cells by diffusion.
    • A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a substance across a membrane.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of animal cells with this quiz focusing on their structure, function, and the types of microscopy used to study them. Learn about eukaryotic cell components and how they work together in complex systems.

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