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Questions and Answers
A cell is observed to have a nucleus and several membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following classifications is most appropriate for this cell?
A cell is observed to have a nucleus and several membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following classifications is most appropriate for this cell?
- Viral
- Bacterial
- Prokaryotic
- Eukaryotic (correct)
Which of the following describes the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?
Which of the following describes the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?
- Generating energy through cellular respiration
- Synthesizing proteins from mRNA
- Digesting waste materials and cellular debris
- Modifying and packaging proteins for secretion or use within the cell (correct)
During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell?
During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell?
- Metaphase
- Prophase
- Telophase
- Anaphase (correct)
A scientist observes a cell expelling waste products. Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for this process?
A scientist observes a cell expelling waste products. Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for this process?
Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological classification in order from broadest to most specific?
Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological classification in order from broadest to most specific?
What is the primary reason viruses are not included in the biological classification system as living organisms?
What is the primary reason viruses are not included in the biological classification system as living organisms?
A cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole are characteristic of:
A cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole are characteristic of:
How does binary fission differ from mitosis?
How does binary fission differ from mitosis?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies active transport?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies active transport?
If two organisms belong to the same family, which of the following taxonomic ranks must they also share?
If two organisms belong to the same family, which of the following taxonomic ranks must they also share?
Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Simple cells lacking a nucleus or other complex organelles; bacteria are an example.
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; examples include animal and plant cells.
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
Outermost layer of an animal cell, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Organelles
Organelles
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Binary Fission
Binary Fission
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Mitosis
Mitosis
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Passive Transport
Passive Transport
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Study Notes
- Outlines cell structure and function, cell division, transport mechanisms, biological classification, and viruses
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells are simple cells without a nucleus, such as bacteria
- Eukaryotic cells are complex cells with a nucleus, such as animal and plant cells
Animal Cells
- Cell Membrane regulates substance entry and exit
- Cytoplasm is a gel-like fluid that houses organelles
- Nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities
- Mitochondria is for energy production
- Ribosomes are for protein synthesis
- Endoplasmic Reticulum is for substance transport
- Golgi Apparatus modifies and packages proteins
- Lysosomes are for digestion of waste
Plant Cells
- Contain all animal cell structures, plus:
- Cell Wall provides rigidity and protection
- Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis
- Vacuole maintains cell pressure and stores nutrients
Cell Division
- Binary Fission is asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where the cell divides into two identical cells
- Mitosis is a process in eukaryotes where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells; the stages include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Transport Mechanisms
- Passive Transport involves the movement of substances across cell membranes without energy input, including diffusion and osmosis
- Active Transport involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy; includes endocytosis (intake of materials) and exocytosis (expulsion of materials)
Biological Classification
- Domain is the highest rank; the three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
- Kingdom is a subdivision within domains, such as Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
- Phylum groups organisms based on major body plans or organization
- Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species are further subdivisions leading to specific organisms
- Binomial Nomenclature is a two-part scientific naming system (Genus species) developed by Carl Linnaeus; e.g., Homo sapiens
Viruses
- Consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat and lack cellular structure
- Obligate intracellular parasites, they must infect host cells to reproduce
- Can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants, but are also used in gene therapy and vaccines
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