6 Questions
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
To control what enters and leaves the cell
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
Which organelle is responsible for generating energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Modifying and packaging proteins and lipids for transport
Which type of organelle lacks a distinct membrane?
Non-membrane-bound organelle
What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
Synthesizing and transporting proteins and lipids
Study Notes
Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
- Semipermeable: allows certain substances to pass through while keeping others out
- Phospholipid bilayer: composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails
-
Functions:
- Controls what enters and leaves the cell
- Provides structural support and maintains cell shape
- Regulates cell signaling and communication
Organelles
Types of Organelles
-
Membrane-bound organelles:
- Have a distinct membrane separating them from the rest of the cell
- Examples: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
-
Non-membrane-bound organelles:
- Lack a distinct membrane
- Examples: ribosomes, cytoskeleton
Organelle Functions
-
Nucleus:
- Controls cell growth and division
- Contains genetic material (DNA)
-
Mitochondria:
- Generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Converts glucose into ATP
-
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
- Synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids
- Two types: rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes)
-
Golgi Apparatus:
- Modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
- Forms lysosomes and secretory vesicles
-
Ribosomes:
- Site of protein synthesis
- Found throughout the cytoplasm and attached to ER
-
Cytoskeleton:
- Provides structural support and shape to the cell
- Involved in cell movement and division
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing certain substances to pass through while keeping others out.
- Phospholipid bilayer structure: two layers of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails.
- Cell membrane functions: controls what enters and leaves the cell, provides structural support and maintains cell shape, and regulates cell signaling and communication.
Organelles
Types of Organelles
- Membrane-bound organelles: have a distinct membrane separating them from the rest of the cell.
- Examples of membrane-bound organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus.
- Non-membrane-bound organelles: lack a distinct membrane.
- Examples of non-membrane-bound organelles: ribosomes, cytoskeleton.
Organelle Functions
- Nucleus functions: controls cell growth and division, contains genetic material (DNA).
- Mitochondria functions: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration, converts glucose into ATP.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) functions: synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids, has two types: rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes).
- Golgi Apparatus functions: modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport, forms lysosomes and secretory vesicles.
- Ribosomes functions: site of protein synthesis, found throughout the cytoplasm and attached to ER.
- Cytoskeleton functions: provides structural support and shape to the cell, involved in cell movement and division.
Learn about the cell membrane, its structure and functions, and discover the different types of organelles in a cell.
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