Cell Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

Which cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

  • Ribosome (correct)
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Mitochondria

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

  • Producing energy through cellular respiration
  • Detoxifying harmful substances
  • Synthesizing proteins
  • Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins (correct)

Which of the following structures is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration?

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Lysosome
  • Vacuole
  • Mitochondria (correct)

What is the role of lysosomes within a cell?

<p>Intracellular digestion and waste removal (A)</p>
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Which structure provides a framework for the cell, aiding in cell shape and movement?

<p>Cytoskeleton (B)</p>
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA is primarily found within which organelle?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p>
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What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

<p>To regulate the transport of substances into and out of the nucleus (D)</p>
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Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

<p>Ribosome assembly (B)</p>
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Which type of cytoskeletal element is primarily involved in muscle contraction?

<p>Microfilament (C)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

<p>Chromatin (D)</p>
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What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?

<p>Water and nutrient storage (A)</p>
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What key process occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Lipid and protein synthesis (D)</p>
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Which of the following is a primary function of the nuclear pore?

<p>Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus (C)</p>
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What two components make up chromatin?

<p>DNA and proteins (D)</p>
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What is the function of the centriole?

<p>Organize microtubules during cell division (D)</p>
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Which environment is defined by the term 'cytoplasm'?

<p>The fluid-filled space inside the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus (B)</p>
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Which of the following is primarily composed of microtubules and involved in cellular movement?

<p>Microtubule (B)</p>
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If a cell needed to increase its production of lipids, which organelle would be most involved?

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (A)</p>
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A researcher observes a cell actively breaking down and recycling damaged organelles. Which organelle is most likely responsible for this function?

<p>Lysosome (B)</p>
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Flashcards

Cell Membrane

The outer boundary of the cell, separating its interior from the external environment.

Nucleus

A membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.

Nuclear Membrane

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.

Nuclear Pore

Small holes in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins and RNA.

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Chromatin

The readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA and RNA.

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Nucleolus

A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

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Mitochondria

The "powerhouse" of the cell; generates energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

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Cytoplasm

The fluid-filled space within a cell, excluding the nucleus and other organelles.

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Ribosome

A cell organelle that assembles proteins.

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Golgi Apparatus

A stack of flattened membranous sacs involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

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Centriole

A cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells

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Vacuole

A membrane-bound sac used for storage of water, nutrients, or waste.

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Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes; breaks down waste materials and cellular debris.

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Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and facilitates movement.

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Microfilament

Protein filaments that contribute to cell shape.

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Microtubule

A component of the cytoskeleton, involved in intracellular transport.

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Study Notes

  • Cell structures are fundamental components essential for the function of a cell

Cell Membrane

  • It is the outer boundary of the cell, separating the internal environment from the external environment

Nucleus

  • The command center of the cell, containing most of the cell's genetic material

Nuclear Membrane

  • The double membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus, regulating the movement of substances in and out

Nuclear Pore

  • A protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Chromatin

  • The complex of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes within the nucleus

Nucleolus

  • A structure that exists in the nucleus and is the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly

Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • An extensive network of membranes responsible for protein and lipid synthesis

Mitochondria

  • The powerhouses of the cell, generating energy through cellular respiration

Cytoplasm

  • The gel-like substance within the cell, excluding the nucleus, where organelles are suspended

Ribosome

  • A structure that is the site of protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus

  • An organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids

Centriole

  • A structure that aids cell division

Vacuole

  • A storage site for the cells for the storage of water, ions, and nutrients

Lysosome

  • It is an organelle responsible for breaking down waste and cellular debris

Cytoskeleton

  • A network of protein filament that provide structure, support, and shape to the cell

Microfilament

  • Type of cytoskeletal filament that is involved in cell movement and contraction

Microtubule

  • Type of cytoskeletal filament that is involved in cell division, support, and transport

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