The Cell and Cell Organisation Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria within a cell?

  • Produce energy (ATP) (correct)
  • Synthesize proteins
  • Modify and package proteins
  • Control cellular activities

Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the spindle’s center?

  • Telophase
  • Prophase
  • Anaphase
  • Metaphase (correct)

What condition is characterized by excessive cell growth?

  • Hypoplasia
  • Atrophy
  • Hyperplasia (correct)
  • Necrosis

Which component of the cell is responsible for digesting waste and pathogens?

<p>Lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the telophase of mitosis?

<p>Nuclear envelopes reform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the plasma membrane?

<p>Control entry and exit of substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of cell division does the cytoplasm divide?

<p>Cytokinesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure organizes microtubules and is crucial for cell division?

<p>Centrosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hypoplasia?

<p>Underdevelopment or reduced cell number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phases of meiosis does genetic material not get duplicated a second time?

<p>Only second division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a cell?

The smallest functional unit of life, responsible for carrying out all life processes.

What is the plasma membrane?

A thin, flexible barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell.

What is the cytoplasm?

The gel-like substance that fills the cell, where essential chemical reactions occur.

What is the nucleus?

The 'control center' of the cell, containing DNA and directing cell activities.

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What is the mitochondria?

The 'powerhouse' of the cell, responsible for producing energy (ATP).

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What is mitosis?

A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with a full set of chromosomes. It's essential for growth and repair.

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What is meiosis?

A specialized form of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It's essential for sexual reproduction.

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What is hyperplasia?

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.

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What is atrophy?

A decrease in the number of cells or the size of a tissue or organ.

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What are the six phases of mitosis?

The process of cell division in which the nucleus and its genetic information are divided into two identical daughter cells.

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Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

  • Cell: The basic functional unit of life.
  • Plasma membrane: Controls substance entry/exit.
  • Cytoplasm: Gel-like, site of metabolic processes.
  • Nucleus: Contains DNA, controls cellular activities.
  • Mitochondria: "Powerhouse" of cell, produces ATP (energy).
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
  • Golgi apparatus: Modifies, packages, and transports proteins.
  • Lysosomes: Digest waste and pathogens.
  • Centrosomes: Organize microtubules, essential for cell division.
  • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
  • Cytoskeleton: Provides structure, aids in transport, movement.

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

  • Mitosis: Cell division creating identical daughter cells.
    • Prophase: Chromosomes condense.
    • Prometaphase: Nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle forms.
    • Metaphase: Chromosomes align at center.
    • Anaphase: Chromosomes separate.
    • Telophase: New nuclear envelopes form.
    • Cytokinesis: Cell division is complete.
  • Meiosis: Cell division producing four cells with half the genetic material of the original cell (important for sexual reproduction).
    • Two divisions, unlike mitosis.

Cell Growth Abnormalities

  • Hyperplasia: Excessive cell growth.
  • Hypoplasia: Underdevelopment or reduced cell number.
  • Atrophy: Shrinking of cells due to disuse or disease.
  • Hypertrophy: Increase in cell size.
  • Dysplasia: Abnormal cell development (precursor to cancer).
  • Neoplasia: Uncontrolled cell growth, leading to tumor formation (benign or malignant).

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell structure and the processes of mitosis and meiosis. This quiz covers essential components of the cell and the stages of cell division. Explore how these intricate processes contribute to life at the cellular level.

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