Cell Structure and Body Systems Overview

Cell Structure and Function

• Cells are the fundamental units of all living things.
• Cell theory outlines the key principles of cells.
• Key organelles and their functions include:
  • Nucleus: Controls cell activities.
  • Cell membrane: Regulates what enters and exits the cell.
  • Vacuole: Stores water and other substances.
  • Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
  • Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, produces energy.
  • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling the cell.
  • Cell Wall: Rigid outer layer, supports plant cells.
• Specialized structures exhibit unique functions, depending on the cell's role.
• Understanding the importance of each cell part is crucial.
• Identify cell structures and organelles from diagrams.

Introduction to Body Systems

Respiratory System

• Main organs include lungs and airways.
• Responsible for gas exchange, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
• Crucial for oxygen transport throughout the body.
• Identifying the purpose of the respiratory system is essential.

Digestive System

• Organs involved include mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, etc.
• Breaks down food into absorbable nutrients.
• Facilitates nutrient absorption.
• The purpose of the digestive system is nutrient breakdown and absorption.

Circulatory System

• Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood are essential.
• Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
• The function of the circulatory system is transport.

Excretory System

• Kidneys, bladder, and other organs remove waste products from the blood.
• Maintains the body's internal balance (homeostasis).
• The excretory system's function is waste removal.

Nervous System

• Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves facilitate communication, response to stimuli, and adaptation to environmental changes.
• The nervous system's purpose is communication and response to changes.

Systems and Your Health

• Blood composition includes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
• A sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure (differing from a stethoscope which detects internal sounds).
• Blood pressure indicates the force of blood against artery walls.
• Common causes of circulatory disorders include high blood pressure and heart disease.
• A healthy diet comprises various essential nutrients.
• Cilia are tiny hair-like structures found in various systems, promoting movement.