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Questions and Answers
Which of these cells carries oxygen throughout the body?
What is the function of White Blood Cells?
Plays important role in immune system
The ______ cell fertilizes an egg cell to make a baby.
Sperm
Egg cells can be fertilized by more than one sperm.
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What are the adaptations of a Nerve Cell?
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Which type of cell is elongated and elastic to facilitate movement?
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What is the process by which generic cells become specialized for a particular function called?
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What is the main function of red blood cells?
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What unique feature allows sperm cells to fertilize an egg cell?
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Egg cells can be fertilized by more than one sperm cell.
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Which cell plays an important role in the immune system?
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What is a key adaptation of muscle cells?
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What structural feature do nerve cells have that aids in their function?
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Study Notes
Cell Differentiation Overview
- Cell specialization, or differentiation, transforms generic cells into specialized cells for specific functions.
Cell Specialization in Animals
-
Red Blood Cells
- Primary function: O2 transport throughout the body.
- Adaptations: Lack of nucleus for more space, biconcave shape enhances surface area, contains hemoglobin for oxygen binding.
-
White Blood Cells
- Key role: Integral part of the immune system.
- Adaptations: Irregular shape allows flexibility, capable of producing antibodies and antitoxins for defense against pathogens.
-
Sperm Cell
- Function: Fertilizes an egg to initiate reproduction.
- Adaptations: Long tail enables motility, contains numerous mitochondria for energy, has specialized chemicals at the head to assist in penetrating the egg.
-
Egg Cell
- Function: Serves as a carrier of genetic material.
- Adaptations: Large size aids nutrient storage, membrane undergoes chemical change post-fertilization to block additional sperm entry.
-
Nerve Cell (Neuron)
- Function: Transmits nerve impulses throughout the body.
- Adaptations: Long, thin axon facilitates signal transmission, branching dendrites for connection with other cells, myelination speeds up signal conduction.
-
Muscle Cell
- Function: Enables movement in the body.
- Adaptations: Elongated structure allows contraction, elastic properties help maintain shape, contains numerous mitochondria for energy during activity.
Cell Differentiation Overview
- Cell specialization, or differentiation, transforms generic cells into specialized cells for specific functions.
Cell Specialization in Animals
-
Red Blood Cells
- Primary function: O2 transport throughout the body.
- Adaptations: Lack of nucleus for more space, biconcave shape enhances surface area, contains hemoglobin for oxygen binding.
-
White Blood Cells
- Key role: Integral part of the immune system.
- Adaptations: Irregular shape allows flexibility, capable of producing antibodies and antitoxins for defense against pathogens.
-
Sperm Cell
- Function: Fertilizes an egg to initiate reproduction.
- Adaptations: Long tail enables motility, contains numerous mitochondria for energy, has specialized chemicals at the head to assist in penetrating the egg.
-
Egg Cell
- Function: Serves as a carrier of genetic material.
- Adaptations: Large size aids nutrient storage, membrane undergoes chemical change post-fertilization to block additional sperm entry.
-
Nerve Cell (Neuron)
- Function: Transmits nerve impulses throughout the body.
- Adaptations: Long, thin axon facilitates signal transmission, branching dendrites for connection with other cells, myelination speeds up signal conduction.
-
Muscle Cell
- Function: Enables movement in the body.
- Adaptations: Elongated structure allows contraction, elastic properties help maintain shape, contains numerous mitochondria for energy during activity.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of cell specialization, focusing on how generic cells differentiate to perform specific functions in animals. It highlights various cells, their unique adaptations, and functions in the biological context.
