Cell Signaling Pathway: Ras Activation

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What is the role of ligand binding to the ECDs of EGFR receptors?

Causing receptor stabilization (correct)

Communicating with the intracellular domains of the receptor

Inducing cell differentiation

Initiating biased signaling

Which EGFR family member is an orphan receptor and does not recognize multiple ligands?

EGFR

HER3

HER2 (correct)

HER4

How do different EGFR ligands, such as EGF and TGFa, affect a cell?

Promoting proliferation (correct)

Causing receptor dimerization

Stimulating differentiation

Inducing biased signaling

What is the consequence of weakened dimerization of EGFR induced by Epiregulin and epigen?

Sustained EGFR signaling Signup and view all the answers

In what way do different EGFR ligands stabilize receptor dimers?

By forming distinct structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism through which the ECD dimer communicates with the intracellular domains of the receptor?

Through a still unclear mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dimers can be formed by EGFR family members with HER2?

Heterodimers Signup and view all the answers

Biased signaling is associated with the response of different EGFR ligands in a cell. What type of response is observed due to this biased signaling?

Proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the adaptor protein GRB2 in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

It promotes GTP exchange for GDP on Ras. Signup and view all the answers

In the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway, what is the function of Sos protein?

Activates Ras by promoting GTP exchange for GDP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Ras activation in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

Binds to the inner leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane via a lipid anchor sequence. Signup and view all the answers

Which kinase is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase in the cytoplasm during RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling?

p90RSK kinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ternary complex factor (TCF) and serum response factor (SRF) in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

They are phosphorylated by p90RSK kinase and participate in gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MAP kinase in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

Dimerizes and enters the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence controls genes, such as c-fos, that propel cells through the cell cycle?

Serum response element (SRE) enhancer sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Ras activation in relation to Raf kinase in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

Promotes Raf kinase activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation that exposes a dimerization arm in subdomain II, thereby facilitating dimerization of the extracellular region?

Recruitment of downstream signal transducers Signup and view all the answers

What process assumes a time lag between initial receptor ligand binding and phosphorylation of tyrosines?

Kinetic proof reading Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of stable complexes according to the text?

Receptor becomes fully activated Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when non-stable complexes fall apart prior to activation of negative feedback?

The complexes reform keeping the initial signaling event going Signup and view all the answers

What creates docking sites for numerous signaling effectors?

Ligand stimulation of ErbB receptor tyrosine phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which ligands differenstimulate ErbB4 coupling to survival and proliferation in CEM/ formation?

NRG1β, NRG2β, and NRG3 Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the activation of a negative feedback event?

Recruitment of downstream signal transducers Signup and view all the answers

What is denoted by putative sites of EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 tyrosine phosphorylation?

Recruitment of downstream signal transducers Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the model that assumes a time lag between initial receptor ligand binding and phosphorylation of tyrosines?

Kinetic proof reading Signup and view all the answers

Cell Signaling Pathway: Ras Activation

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of ligand binding to the ECDs of EGFR receptors?

Which EGFR family member is an orphan receptor and does not recognize multiple ligands?

How do different EGFR ligands, such as EGF and TGFa, affect a cell?

What is the consequence of weakened dimerization of EGFR induced by Epiregulin and epigen?

In what way do different EGFR ligands stabilize receptor dimers?

What is the mechanism through which the ECD dimer communicates with the intracellular domains of the receptor?

Which type of dimers can be formed by EGFR family members with HER2?

Biased signaling is associated with the response of different EGFR ligands in a cell. What type of response is observed due to this biased signaling?

What is the role of the adaptor protein GRB2 in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

In the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway, what is the function of Sos protein?

What is the consequence of Ras activation in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

Which kinase is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase in the cytoplasm during RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling?

What is the role of ternary complex factor (TCF) and serum response factor (SRF) in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

What is the function of MAP kinase in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

Which sequence controls genes, such as c-fos, that propel cells through the cell cycle?

What is the consequence of Ras activation in relation to Raf kinase in the RTK-Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway?

What is the term for the formation that exposes a dimerization arm in subdomain II, thereby facilitating dimerization of the extracellular region?

What process assumes a time lag between initial receptor ligand binding and phosphorylation of tyrosines?

What is the main outcome of stable complexes according to the text?

What occurs when non-stable complexes fall apart prior to activation of negative feedback?

What creates docking sites for numerous signaling effectors?

Which ligands differenstimulate ErbB4 coupling to survival and proliferation in CEM/ formation?

What leads to the activation of a negative feedback event?

What is denoted by putative sites of EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 tyrosine phosphorylation?

What is the term used for the model that assumes a time lag between initial receptor ligand binding and phosphorylation of tyrosines?

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