12 Questions
Which statement accurately describes the process of steroid hormone entry into cells?
Steroid hormones dissociate from carrier proteins, diffuse across the plasma membrane, and bind to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors.
Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of events following hormone-receptor binding in the nucleus?
The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA response elements, leading to transcription of mRNA and subsequent translation into proteins.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action for protein and peptide hormones?
They bind to cell surface receptors, initiating second messenger cascades and signal transduction pathways.
What is the term used to describe the initial hormone that binds to its receptor, triggering a cascade of events?
Primary messenger
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of second messengers in hormone signaling?
Second messengers are generated within the cell and trigger a series of signal transduction events.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action for eicosanoids?
Eicosanoids bind to cell surface receptors, leading to the generation of second messengers and signal transduction.
What is the primary role of the extracellular domain of a cell surface receptor?
To recognize and bind the specific signal molecule (ligand)
Which of the following statements about second messengers is true?
Second messengers are used to relay information from receptor-ligand complexes inside the cell
Which of the following second messenger systems is correctly matched with the hormones that utilize it?
cGMP: atrial natriuretic hormone, nitric oxide
What is the primary function of the effector region of a cell surface receptor?
To initiate the production of second messengers
Why is it important for signaling processes to be terminated after a cell has completed its response?
To ensure that the cell remains responsive to new signals
Which of the following statements about the internalization of cell surface receptors is true?
Internalization of receptors is an important part of negative regulation on hormone action
Test your knowledge about the mechanisms of cell signaling, including receptor structure and second messenger delivery inside the cell.
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