Cell Signaling Mechanisms Quiz

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Which statement accurately describes the process of steroid hormone entry into cells?

Steroid hormones are actively transported into the cell by membrane-bound protein carriers.
Steroid hormones bind to cell surface receptors and initiate second messenger cascades.
Steroid hormones enter the cell through facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane.
Steroid hormones dissociate from carrier proteins, diffuse across the plasma membrane, and bind to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors. (correct)

Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of events following hormone-receptor binding in the nucleus?

The hormone-receptor complex dissociates, and the hormone is transported back into the cytoplasm.
The hormone-receptor complex initiates a second messenger cascade, leading to the activation of various enzymes.
The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA response elements, leading to transcription of mRNA and subsequent translation into proteins. (correct)
The hormone-receptor complex is degraded, and the hormone is recycled for future use.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action for protein and peptide hormones?

They are transported into the cell by facilitated diffusion and bind to nuclear receptors.
They enter the nucleus and directly bind to DNA response elements, leading to transcription of mRNA.
They diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind to cytoplasmic receptors.
They bind to cell surface receptors, initiating second messenger cascades and signal transduction pathways. (correct)

What is the term used to describe the initial hormone that binds to its receptor, triggering a cascade of events?

Primary messenger (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of second messengers in hormone signaling?

Second messengers are generated within the cell and trigger a series of signal transduction events. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action for eicosanoids?

Eicosanoids bind to cell surface receptors, leading to the generation of second messengers and signal transduction. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the extracellular domain of a cell surface receptor?

To recognize and bind the specific signal molecule (ligand) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about second messengers is true?

Second messengers are used to relay information from receptor-ligand complexes inside the cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following second messenger systems is correctly matched with the hormones that utilize it?

cGMP: atrial natriuretic hormone, nitric oxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the effector region of a cell surface receptor?

To initiate the production of second messengers (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for signaling processes to be terminated after a cell has completed its response?

To ensure that the cell remains responsive to new signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the internalization of cell surface receptors is true?

Internalization of receptors is an important part of negative regulation on hormone action (B) Signup and view all the answers

Steroid hormone entry

Diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors

Nuclear Hormone-Receptor Action

Hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, transcribing mRNA, then translating into proteins.