Cell Organization and Microbiology Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the process in which bacteria establish and multiply on a surface?

  • Infection
  • Disease
  • Pathogenicity
  • Colonization (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe a condition in which microbes get past host defenses and enter tissues?

  • Disease
  • Pathogenicity
  • Colonization
  • Infection (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe any condition that deviates from health?

  • Infection
  • Pathogenicity
  • Infectious disease
  • Disease (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe a microbe whose relationship with its host is parasitic and results in infection and disease?

    <p>Pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an organism's potential to cause disease?

    <p>Pathogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a pathologic state caused directly by microorganisms or their products?

    <p>Infectious disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe patients who have a decreased ability to mount an immune defense?

    <p>Immunocompromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of whether disease will result from an encounter between a microbe and a host?

    <p>Several factors, including the microbe and host characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe infections caused by more than one microbe?

    <p>Polymicrobial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the condition in which microbes pass the host defenses, enter the tissues, and multiply?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when the infection damages tissues and organs?

    <p>Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the process of infection leading to disease?

    <p>Microbes produce toxins and/or induce host response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the recycling process in cells?

    <p>To break down macromolecules into smaller molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a portal of entry in the transmission of disease?

    <p>To provide a specific route for microbes to enter the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic building blocks of macromolecules and organelles in a cell?

    <p>Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, nitrogen bases, and vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms coming from outside the body?

    <p>Exogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a pathogen not cause an infection if it enters the 'wrong' portal?

    <p>Because the portal of entry is restrictive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that can synthesize all cellular substances from minerals and a single organic carbon source?

    <p>Autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells obtain building blocks from the outside environment?

    <p>Heterotrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

    <p>To sweep and move particles toward the throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the level of cell organization that includes membranes, cell wall, and organelles?

    <p>Cell structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tears in the eyes in relation to pathogens?

    <p>To produce pathogen-fighting chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adding building blocks to the metabolic pool?

    <p>Assembly of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intact skin in relation to pathogens?

    <p>To act as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phagocytes in the immune system?

    <p>To eliminate pathogenic microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism used by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus to evade phagocytes?

    <p>Producing leukocidins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between nonspecific innate immunity and specific adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity is physical and chemical, while adaptive immunity involves T and B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens survives inside phagocytes after ingestion?

    <p>Legionella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phagocytes in adaptive immunity?

    <p>To present antigens to lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the extracellular surface layer, slime or capsule, produced by some pathogens?

    <p>To make it difficult for phagocytes to engulf them</p> Signup and view all the answers

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