30 Questions
What is the process in which bacteria establish and multiply on a surface?
Colonization
What is the term used to describe a condition in which microbes get past host defenses and enter tissues?
Infection
What is the term used to describe any condition that deviates from health?
Disease
What is the term used to describe a microbe whose relationship with its host is parasitic and results in infection and disease?
Pathogen
What is the term used to describe an organism's potential to cause disease?
Pathogenicity
What is the term used to describe a pathologic state caused directly by microorganisms or their products?
Infectious disease
What is the term used to describe patients who have a decreased ability to mount an immune defense?
Immunocompromised
What is the primary determinant of whether disease will result from an encounter between a microbe and a host?
Several factors, including the microbe and host characteristics
What is the term used to describe infections caused by more than one microbe?
Polymicrobial infections
What is the term used to describe the condition in which microbes pass the host defenses, enter the tissues, and multiply?
Infection
What is the outcome when the infection damages tissues and organs?
Disease
What is the final step in the process of infection leading to disease?
Microbes produce toxins and/or induce host response
What is the primary outcome of the recycling process in cells?
To break down macromolecules into smaller molecules
What is the primary purpose of a portal of entry in the transmission of disease?
To provide a specific route for microbes to enter the body
What are the basic building blocks of macromolecules and organelles in a cell?
Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, nitrogen bases, and vitamins
What is the term for organisms coming from outside the body?
Exogenous
Why might a pathogen not cause an infection if it enters the 'wrong' portal?
Because the portal of entry is restrictive
What is the term for organisms that can synthesize all cellular substances from minerals and a single organic carbon source?
Autotrophs
What is the process by which cells obtain building blocks from the outside environment?
Heterotrophy
What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
To sweep and move particles toward the throat
What is the term for the level of cell organization that includes membranes, cell wall, and organelles?
Cell structures
What is the role of tears in the eyes in relation to pathogens?
To produce pathogen-fighting chemicals
What is the result of adding building blocks to the metabolic pool?
Assembly of the cell
What is the primary function of the intact skin in relation to pathogens?
To act as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering
What is the primary function of phagocytes in the immune system?
To eliminate pathogenic microorganisms
What is the mechanism used by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus to evade phagocytes?
Producing leukocidins
What is the difference between nonspecific innate immunity and specific adaptive immunity?
Innate immunity is physical and chemical, while adaptive immunity involves T and B cells
Which of the following pathogens survives inside phagocytes after ingestion?
Legionella
What is the role of phagocytes in adaptive immunity?
To present antigens to lymphocytes
What is the function of the extracellular surface layer, slime or capsule, produced by some pathogens?
To make it difficult for phagocytes to engulf them
Test your knowledge of microbiology fundamentals, including cell organization levels, biomolecules, and energy production. This quiz covers the basics of microbiology, suitable for introductory courses like HNR 1112 Principles of Microbiology.
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