Cell Organelles Quiz

Cell Organelles

• Organelles are small structures within cells that have specific jobs, similar to organs in the human body.
• The presence and absence of particular organelles allow us to classify cells.

Nucleus

• Control center of the cell
• Contains genetic information (DNA) which are instructions for the cell
• Found in both animal and plant cells

Cell Membrane

• Controls movements of substances into and out of a cell
• Holds the cell contents
• Found in both animal and plant cells

Cell Wall

• Supports, strengthens, and protects cells
• Not found in animal cells, only in plants, bacteria, and fungi

Mitochondria

• Supply the cell with energy using oxygen and food
• Involved in cellular respiration
• Mitochondrion (plural)
• More active cells have larger numbers (e.g., muscles)
• Found in both animal and plant cells

Chloroplast

• Absorb light from the sun to use in photosynthesis
• Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll which gives plants their color
• Only found in plant cells

Types of Organisms

• Unicellular organisms: made up of only one cell (e.g., bacteria, paramecium, amoeba, algae)
• Multicellular organisms: made up of many cells, specialized to do specific functions (e.g., fat cells, muscle cells, heart cells, nerve cells)

Muscle Cells

• Three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
• Skeletal muscles: attached to bone, enable voluntary movement
• Smooth muscles: attached to vital organs, function involuntarily (e.g., digestive system)
• Cardiac muscles: regulate the heart

Nerve Cells

• Units of the nervous system
• Carry messages to the brain (for processing) and to cells to carry out a response
• Carry messages away from the brain to enable movement or response to environmental changes

Blood Cells

• Red blood cells: carry oxygen around the body, shaped like concave disks
• White blood cells: fight infection

Fat Cells

• Three key functions: store energy, insulate the body, and provide padding for vital organs
• Brown fat cells: produce heat for the body
• White fat cells: insulate the body and provide energy

Stem Cells

• Can turn into many different types of cells

Tissue

• A large mass of similar cells that make up part of an organism and perform a particular function
• Examples: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Organ

• A collection of two or more types of tissue working together with a similar function
• Examples: respiratory, skeletal, nervous, reproductive, excretory systems