Cell Organelles Quiz

Study Notes

Thin, semi-permeable layer that surrounds the cell
Functions:
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cell shape and structure
- Provides protection and support
Composition:
- Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads)
- Embedded proteins (receptors, channels, and enzymes)
Transport mechanisms:
- Passive transport: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
- Active transport: requires energy to move molecules against concentration gradient

Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
Functions:
- Provides mechanical support and structure
- Site of many metabolic reactions (e.g., glycolysis, protein synthesis)
- Contains organelles and inclusions (e.g., ribosomes, mitochondria)
Composition:
- Water (about 70%)
- Salts, sugars, and other solutes
- Protein fibers (e.g., microtubules, microfilaments)
Cytoskeleton:
- Network of protein fibers that provides structural support and shape
- Involved in cell division, movement, and signaling

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
Golgi Apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste and foreign substances
Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA)

Cell membrane is a thin, semi-permeable layer that surrounds the cell
It regulates what enters and leaves the cell
It maintains cell shape and structure
It provides protection and support
Cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads)
Embedded proteins in the cell membrane include receptors, channels, and enzymes
Passive transport mechanisms include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
Active transport requires energy to move molecules against concentration gradient

Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
It provides mechanical support and structure
It is the site of many metabolic reactions (e.g., glycolysis, protein synthesis)
It contains organelles and inclusions (e.g., ribosomes, mitochondria)
Cytoplasm is composed of about 70% water
It also contains salts, sugars, and other solutes
Protein fibers in cytoplasm include microtubules and microfilaments
Cytoskeleton provides structural support and shape
It is involved in cell division, movement, and signaling