Cell Organelles Quiz

Organelles

• Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions
• Examples:
  • Mitochondria: generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids
  • Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
  • Golgi Apparatus: modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
  • Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste and foreign substances
  • Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)

Cell Membrane

• Thin, semi-permeable layer that surrounds the cell
• Functions:
  • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
  • Maintains cell shape and structure
  • Provides protection and support
• Composition:
  • Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads)
  • Embedded proteins (receptors, channels, and enzymes)
• Transport mechanisms:
  • Passive transport: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport: requires energy to move molecules against concentration gradient

Cytoplasm

• Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
• Functions:
  • Provides mechanical support and structure
  • Site of many metabolic reactions (e.g., glycolysis, protein synthesis)
  • Contains organelles and inclusions (e.g., ribosomes, mitochondria)
• Composition:
  • Water (about 70%)
  • Salts, sugars, and other solutes
  • Protein fibers (e.g., microtubules, microfilaments)
• Cytoskeleton:
  • Network of protein fibers that provides structural support and shape
  • Involved in cell division, movement, and signaling

Organelles

• Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions
• Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
• Golgi Apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste and foreign substances
• Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA)

Cell Membrane

• Cell membrane is a thin, semi-permeable layer that surrounds the cell
• It regulates what enters and leaves the cell
• It maintains cell shape and structure
• It provides protection and support
• Cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads)
• Embedded proteins in the cell membrane include receptors, channels, and enzymes
• Passive transport mechanisms include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
• Active transport requires energy to move molecules against concentration gradient

Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
• It provides mechanical support and structure
• It is the site of many metabolic reactions (e.g., glycolysis, protein synthesis)
• It contains organelles and inclusions (e.g., ribosomes, mitochondria)
• Cytoplasm is composed of about 70% water
• It also contains salts, sugars, and other solutes
• Protein fibers in cytoplasm include microtubules and microfilaments
• Cytoskeleton provides structural support and shape
• It is involved in cell division, movement, and signaling