30 Questions
Where are ribosomal subunits synthesized?
Nucleus
What is the main function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What organelle is referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?
Mitochondria
Which organelle plays an important role in apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c?
Mitochondria
Where do ribosomal subunits pass to after being formed in the nucleus?
Cytoplasm
Which organelle is an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
Regulates what enters and exits a cell
Which component makes up 45% of the cell membrane?
Lipid
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Controls cellular activities
What is the composition of the cell membrane mainly made of?
Lipid
Which part of a phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?
Head
What is the function of organelles in a cell?
Perform specific functions for the cell
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
To digest bacteria and other large objects
Which cell types are likely to have abundant lysosomes?
Macrophages and neutrophils
During autophagy, what cellular components do lysosomes help break down?
Damaged mitochondria
Which organelle is known as the 'digestive system of the cell'?
Lysosomes
What happens to cells during the process of atrophy?
Cells become smaller and more energy-efficient
Why are lysosomes sometimes referred to as 'cellular garbage disposals'?
For their role in digesting unwanted cellular components
What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
Causes stiffening and strengthening of the membrane
Which type of membrane proteins extend through the entire thickness of the membrane?
Integral proteins
What makes the tail of the membrane hydrophobic?
Insoluble in water but soluble in fat solvents
Which function do membrane proteins NOT perform?
Act as hormones and chemical messengers
How do peripheral proteins differ from integral proteins?
Associated with both intracellular and extracellular membrane surfaces
What is the role of linker proteins in the cell membrane?
Binds to other proteins in the ECF and cytosol
Which organelle is prominent in cells specialized for protein secretion?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in liver cells?
Synthesis of lipid and steroid hormones
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in secretory cells?
Protein and lipid modification
Which organelle is rich in steroid hormone–producing cells of the adrenal cortex?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
In muscle cells, which organelle is involved in the release and recapture of calcium ions for contraction and relaxation?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) from smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) at a structural level?
Presence of ribosomes
Learn about the vital functions of mitochondria as the 'powerhouses' of the cell and the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis. Understand how mitochondria play a key role in apoptosis, while ribosomes are essential for creating proteins.
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