Cell Organelles and Their Functions

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic or function of the cytoplasm?

Primary site of cellular activities.
Enclosed by the plasma membrane.
Contains genetic information in the form of chromosomes. (correct)
Storage of vital chemicals for the cell.

The nuclear envelope is a single membrane structure that encloses the nucleus.

False (B)

What is the primary function of the nuclear pores found on the nuclear envelope?

regulate the exchange of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm

The _________ endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope.

rough Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell organelles with their primary functions:

Mitochondrion = Energy production Ribosome = Protein synthesis Nucleolus = Ribosome assembly Golgi body = Modify and package proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the polarity of the Golgi apparatus?

The cis face receives proteins from the ER, while the trans face sends them to other parts of the cell. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Animal cells always contain a large central vacuole similar to that found in plant cells.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of contractile vacuoles found in some animal cells?

to pump excess water out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

In plant cells, the vacuole contributes to cell turgidity by allowing water to enter via ______ into the concentrated cell-sap.

osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the vacuole type with its primary function:

Food vacuole = Containing food reserves Contractile vacuole = Pumping excess water out of the cell Plant cell vacuole = Maintaining turgidity and waste storage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

Protein synthesis and modification for secretion or membrane incorporation (D) Signup and view all the answers

The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is primarily responsible for protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes on its surface.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structural difference between Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) and how this difference relates to their functions.

RER has ribosomes attached to its surface, facilitating protein synthesis and modification, while SER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification. Signup and view all the answers

The outer surface of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) appears rough due to the presence of ________ attached to it.

ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their primary function within the endomembrane system:

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) = Protein synthesis and modification Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) = Lipid synthesis and detoxification Golgi Body = Processing and packaging of proteins Lysosomes = Intracellular digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Synthesizing polypeptides (proteins). (B) Signup and view all the answers

The cell wall, being fully permeable, regulates the substances entering and leaving the plant cell.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of a ribosome?

20nm Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) primarily synthesize proteins destined for ______ out of the cell.

export Signup and view all the answers

Match the cellular structure with its primary function:

Cell Membrane = Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell Cell Wall = Provides mechanical support and prevents excessive water uptake Ribosomes = Site of polypeptide synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the inner membrane of a mitochondrion?

It is highly convoluted, forming cristae to increase the surface area for ATP production. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain enzymes involved in ATP production within their inner membranes.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cristae found within mitochondria?

increase surface area for ATP production Signup and view all the answers

The organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins destined for the cell membrane is the rough endoplasmic ________.

reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular components with their primary function or characteristic:

Mitochondria = ATP Production Chloroplast = Photosynthesis Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum = Lipid Synthesis Cell Membrane = Selective Permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is common to both mitochondria and chloroplasts, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Presence of circular DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

The stroma is the fluid-filled space inside mitochondria, analogous to the cytoplasm in cells.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the cell membrane relate to its function of selectively controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins Signup and view all the answers

What are cells?

Basic units surrounded by a cell membrane.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance within the cell, enclosed by the cell membrane; site of most cell activities.