Cell Organelles and Their Functions

Separating cell structures based on their density using a centrifuge.

A method to track the movement of molecules within a cell by using radioactive isotopes.

Organelles enclosed by membranes, allowing for specific functions and optimal conditions.

Organelles lacking a membrane, directly interacting with the cytoplasm.

A network of interconnected membranes forming flattened sacs or tubules.

ER studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis and modification.

A double-membrane bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activity.

A double-membrane bound organelle responsible for cellular respiration, generating energy (ATP).

A network of interconnected membranous sacs (cisternae) studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis, modification and transport.

A network of interconnected membranous tubules lacking ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification and calcium storage.

These are small, non-membranous organelles composed of two subunits (large and small) responsible for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes attached to the RER synthesize proteins that are destined to be transported outside the cell or incorporated into membranes.

Ribosomes free in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins that are used inside the cell for intracellular functions.

A stack of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs (cisternae) involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

A small sac that buds off from the ER and transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus.

A small sac that buds off from the Golgi apparatus and delivers proteins to the cell membrane for secretion.

A network of flattened sacs (cisternae) and associated vesicles involved in packaging, modifying, and transporting proteins and lipids.

Glycosylation is the process of adding carbohydrates to proteins, creating glycoproteins. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for this process.

The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles that carry synthesized proteins and lipids to other parts of the cell or outside the cell.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down waste materials, worn-out organelles, and engulfed viruses.

Primary lysosomes are formed from the Golgi apparatus and contain hydrolytic enzymes synthesized on the ER.

Mitochondria are double-membrane bound organelles responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration.

The inner membrane of mitochondria forms folds called cristae, which increase the surface area available for ATP production.

The matrix of mitochondria contains circular DNA and ribosomes, allowing mitochondria to synthesize their own proteins and replicate independently.

Mitochondria are double-membrane bound organelles with their own DNA and ribosomes. They are thought to have originated from free-living bacteria engulfed by eukaryotic cells.

Centrioles are non-membranous organelles found in animal cells, but not plant cells. They are made of microtubules arranged in triplets and play a crucial role in cell division.

Centrioles are involved in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division, which helps separate chromosomes.

The nucleus is the largest organelle in a cell, enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. It contains DNA and controls all cell activities, including cell division.

The nuclear envelope has pores that regulate the movement of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, ensuring proper communication and function.

The nucleus contains DNA, organized into chromatin, which carries genes responsible for controlling cell division, activity, and inheritance.

The nucleus is responsible for controlling cell division, as it contains genetic information that determines the characteristics of the offspring cells.

A small, non-membranous organelle that's involved in making proteins. They're made up of two subunits, a large one and a small one.

A type of RNA (ribonucleic acid) that carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.

They are double-membrane bound organelles found in plants that contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.

Stacks of disc-shaped sacs (thylakoids) in a chloroplast, where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.

The fluid inside a chloroplast that contains the chloroplast's own DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes. It's the site of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

A flat, disc-shaped compartment within a chloroplast's grana. They contain chlorophyll and are the sites of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.