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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of microtubules in a cell?
Which of the following is NOT a type of inclusion in a cell?
What is the name of the structure that microtubules extend from in a cell?
Which of the following is an example of an exogenous pigment?
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What is the name of the protein subunits that make up microtubules?
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What is the term for the temporary structures of a cell that can be observed under the light and electron microscope?
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What is the function of kinesin-based transport in a cell?
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What is the name of the structure that is composed of microtubules in different cell types?
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What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?
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Which of the following intermediate filaments is found in epithelial cells?
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What is the function of pigment deposits in cells?
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Which of the following is an exogen pigment?
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What is the function of intermediate filaments in cells?
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Which of the following intermediate filaments is found in astrocytes?
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What is the characteristic of intermediate filaments compared to microtubules and actin filaments?
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What is the purpose of resin embedding in microscopy?
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What is the main function of actin-binding proteins in microfilaments?
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What is the composition of filaments in the cytoskeleton?
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During which stage of the cell cycle do centrioles duplicate?
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What is the function of actin filaments in endocytosis and exocytosis?
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What is the structure of a centriole?
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Which type of cells are more prone to accumulate lipofuscin granules?
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What is the role of actin filaments in microvilli?
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What is the function of actin filaments during mitosis and cytokinesis?
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What is the function of macrophages in relation to hemosiderin formation?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of lipofuscin granules?
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What is the main function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?
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What is the role of melanocytes in the context of melanin?
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Which type of cells are known to have abundant lipid droplets?
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What is the term for cytoplasmic structures or deposits filled with stored macromolecules?
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What is the primary function of glycogen in cells like hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells?
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What is the name of the staining method used to visualize glycogen in hepatocytes?
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In which cells can Reinke crystals be found?
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What is the name of the crystals found in the apical cytoplasm of eosinophils and neutrophils?
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What is the term for the fluid component of the cytoplasm?
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What is the name of the staining method used to visualize lipid droplets in cells?
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In which cells can crystals be found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum?
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What is the term for the membranous structures found in the cytoplasm of cells?
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Study Notes
Non-Membranous Organelles
- Microtubules:
- Composed of tubulin subunits
- Oriented in arrays
- Generally extend from the centrosome to the most peripheral extensions of the cell
- Serve to stabilize cell shape
- Form the tracks for kinesin-based transport of vesicles and organelles into the cell periphery
- Form the tracks for dynein-based transport towards the cell nucleus
- Microtubule organization:
- Found in axonemes, cilia, flagellum, and basal bodies of cilia
- Play a role in the formation of the mitotic spindle
Centrioles
- Consist of 9 microtubular triplets
- Found in centriole pairs
- Each half of the centriole pair has a duplicated centriole pair during a cell's interphase
- At the onset of mitosis, each centriole pair separates
Filaments
- Actin filaments:
- Composed of G-actin monomers
- Regulated by actin-binding proteins
- Play a role in pseudopode formation, endocytosis, and exocytosis
- Involved in the movement of organelles in the cytoplasm
- Localized in microvilli, intermediate junctions of epithelial cells, and during mitosis and cytokinesis
- Form a dynamic network important for cell shape changes
- Intermediate filaments:
- Thicker than actin filaments, thinner than microtubules
- Simple structure compared to the others
- Found in various cell types, including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, muscle cells, astrocytes, and neurons
- Composed of different proteins, such as cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, and glial fibrillar acidic protein
Inclusions
- Non-living structures
- Pigments:
- Endogenous pigments: melanin, hemosiderin, hemoglobin, lipofuscin, and caroten
- Exogenous pigments: caroten, lipochrom, and carbon particles
- Storage of metabolites:
- Lipids (fat)
- Glycogen
- Crystals:
- Found in cytoplasm or lumen of ER
- Examples include guanin crystals, uric acid crystals, and Reinke crystals
- Secretion granules:
- Stored in the apical cytoplasm
- Usually protein in nature
- Examples include zymogen granules
Cell Components
- Cytosol or cytoplasmic matrix:
- The region between the cell membrane and organelles
- Organelles:
- A) Membrane-bounded organelles
- Cell membrane
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Description
Learn about the organization of non-membranous structures in a cell, including microtubules, microtubule organizing center, and centriole, and their functional properties under light and electron microscope.
