Cell Organelles and Inclusions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of microtubules in a cell?

  • To stabilize cell shape (correct)
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To store genetic information
  • To transport molecules across the cell membrane

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of inclusion in a cell?

  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Melanin
  • Caroten
  • Glycogen

    • What is the name of the structure that microtubules extend from in a cell?

  • Centriole
  • Lysosome
  • Centrosome (correct)
  • Nucleus

    • Which of the following is an example of an exogenous pigment?

    <p>Caroten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein subunits that make up microtubules?

    <p>Tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the temporary structures of a cell that can be observed under the light and electron microscope?

    <p>Inclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of kinesin-based transport in a cell?

    <p>Transport of vesicles into the cell periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that is composed of microtubules in different cell types?

    <p>Axoneme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?

    <p>10-12nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following intermediate filaments is found in epithelial cells?

    <p>Cytokeratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pigment deposits in cells?

    <p>Storage of metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an exogen pigment?

    <p>Caroten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of intermediate filaments in cells?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following intermediate filaments is found in astrocytes?

    <p>GFAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of intermediate filaments compared to microtubules and actin filaments?

    <p>Thinner than microtubules and thicker than actin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resin embedding in microscopy?

    <p>To preserve cell structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of actin-binding proteins in microfilaments?

    <p>To regulate the assembly of microfilaments and interactions with other filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of filaments in the cytoskeleton?

    <p>G-actin monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the cell cycle do centrioles duplicate?

    <p>During interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of actin filaments in endocytosis and exocytosis?

    <p>To form pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a centriole?

    <p>9 microtubular triplets + 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are more prone to accumulate lipofuscin granules?

    <p>Long-living non-dividing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of actin filaments in microvilli?

    <p>To localize in microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of actin filaments during mitosis and cytokinesis?

    <p>To influence the physical properties of the local cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of macrophages in relation to hemosiderin formation?

    <p>Phagocytosing erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of lipofuscin granules?

    <p>Accumulated by-product of lysosomal degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

    <p>To provide structural support and shape to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of melanocytes in the context of melanin?

    <p>Producing melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are known to have abundant lipid droplets?

    <p>Cells of adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for cytoplasmic structures or deposits filled with stored macromolecules?

    <p>Cellular inclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycogen in cells like hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Storage of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the staining method used to visualize glycogen in hepatocytes?

    <p>Periodic Acid Schiff staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cells can Reinke crystals be found?

    <p>Leydig cells of testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the crystals found in the apical cytoplasm of eosinophils and neutrophils?

    <p>Secretion granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid component of the cytoplasm?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the staining method used to visualize lipid droplets in cells?

    <p>OsO4 staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cells can crystals be found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Leydig cells of testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the membranous structures found in the cytoplasm of cells?

    <p>Organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Non-Membranous Organelles

    • Microtubules:
      • Composed of tubulin subunits
      • Oriented in arrays
      • Generally extend from the centrosome to the most peripheral extensions of the cell
      • Serve to stabilize cell shape
      • Form the tracks for kinesin-based transport of vesicles and organelles into the cell periphery
      • Form the tracks for dynein-based transport towards the cell nucleus
    • Microtubule organization:
      • Found in axonemes, cilia, flagellum, and basal bodies of cilia
      • Play a role in the formation of the mitotic spindle

    Centrioles

    • Consist of 9 microtubular triplets
    • Found in centriole pairs
    • Each half of the centriole pair has a duplicated centriole pair during a cell's interphase
    • At the onset of mitosis, each centriole pair separates

    Filaments

    • Actin filaments:
      • Composed of G-actin monomers
      • Regulated by actin-binding proteins
      • Play a role in pseudopode formation, endocytosis, and exocytosis
      • Involved in the movement of organelles in the cytoplasm
      • Localized in microvilli, intermediate junctions of epithelial cells, and during mitosis and cytokinesis
      • Form a dynamic network important for cell shape changes
    • Intermediate filaments:
      • Thicker than actin filaments, thinner than microtubules
      • Simple structure compared to the others
      • Found in various cell types, including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, muscle cells, astrocytes, and neurons
      • Composed of different proteins, such as cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, and glial fibrillar acidic protein

    Inclusions

    • Non-living structures
    • Pigments:
      • Endogenous pigments: melanin, hemosiderin, hemoglobin, lipofuscin, and caroten
      • Exogenous pigments: caroten, lipochrom, and carbon particles
    • Storage of metabolites:
      • Lipids (fat)
      • Glycogen
    • Crystals:
      • Found in cytoplasm or lumen of ER
      • Examples include guanin crystals, uric acid crystals, and Reinke crystals
    • Secretion granules:
      • Stored in the apical cytoplasm
      • Usually protein in nature
      • Examples include zymogen granules

    Cell Components

    • Cytosol or cytoplasmic matrix:
      • The region between the cell membrane and organelles
    • Organelles:
      • A) Membrane-bounded organelles
      • Cell membrane

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    Description

    Learn about the organization of non-membranous structures in a cell, including microtubules, microtubule organizing center, and centriole, and their functional properties under light and electron microscope.

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