Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of microtubules in a cell?
What is the primary function of microtubules in a cell?
- To stabilize cell shape (correct)
- To synthesize proteins
- To store genetic information
- To transport molecules across the cell membrane
Which of the following is NOT a type of inclusion in a cell?
Which of the following is NOT a type of inclusion in a cell?
- Mitochondria (correct)
- Melanin
- Caroten
- Glycogen
What is the name of the structure that microtubules extend from in a cell?
What is the name of the structure that microtubules extend from in a cell?
- Centriole
- Lysosome
- Centrosome (correct)
- Nucleus
Which of the following is an example of an exogenous pigment?
Which of the following is an example of an exogenous pigment?
What is the name of the protein subunits that make up microtubules?
What is the name of the protein subunits that make up microtubules?
What is the term for the temporary structures of a cell that can be observed under the light and electron microscope?
What is the term for the temporary structures of a cell that can be observed under the light and electron microscope?
What is the function of kinesin-based transport in a cell?
What is the function of kinesin-based transport in a cell?
What is the name of the structure that is composed of microtubules in different cell types?
What is the name of the structure that is composed of microtubules in different cell types?
What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?
What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?
Which of the following intermediate filaments is found in epithelial cells?
Which of the following intermediate filaments is found in epithelial cells?
What is the function of pigment deposits in cells?
What is the function of pigment deposits in cells?
Which of the following is an exogen pigment?
Which of the following is an exogen pigment?
What is the function of intermediate filaments in cells?
What is the function of intermediate filaments in cells?
Which of the following intermediate filaments is found in astrocytes?
Which of the following intermediate filaments is found in astrocytes?
What is the characteristic of intermediate filaments compared to microtubules and actin filaments?
What is the characteristic of intermediate filaments compared to microtubules and actin filaments?
What is the purpose of resin embedding in microscopy?
What is the purpose of resin embedding in microscopy?
What is the main function of actin-binding proteins in microfilaments?
What is the main function of actin-binding proteins in microfilaments?
What is the composition of filaments in the cytoskeleton?
What is the composition of filaments in the cytoskeleton?
During which stage of the cell cycle do centrioles duplicate?
During which stage of the cell cycle do centrioles duplicate?
What is the function of actin filaments in endocytosis and exocytosis?
What is the function of actin filaments in endocytosis and exocytosis?
What is the structure of a centriole?
What is the structure of a centriole?
Which type of cells are more prone to accumulate lipofuscin granules?
Which type of cells are more prone to accumulate lipofuscin granules?
What is the role of actin filaments in microvilli?
What is the role of actin filaments in microvilli?
What is the function of actin filaments during mitosis and cytokinesis?
What is the function of actin filaments during mitosis and cytokinesis?
What is the function of macrophages in relation to hemosiderin formation?
What is the function of macrophages in relation to hemosiderin formation?
Which of the following is a characteristic of lipofuscin granules?
Which of the following is a characteristic of lipofuscin granules?
What is the main function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?
What is the main function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?
What is the role of melanocytes in the context of melanin?
What is the role of melanocytes in the context of melanin?
Which type of cells are known to have abundant lipid droplets?
Which type of cells are known to have abundant lipid droplets?
What is the term for cytoplasmic structures or deposits filled with stored macromolecules?
What is the term for cytoplasmic structures or deposits filled with stored macromolecules?
What is the primary function of glycogen in cells like hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells?
What is the primary function of glycogen in cells like hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells?
What is the name of the staining method used to visualize glycogen in hepatocytes?
What is the name of the staining method used to visualize glycogen in hepatocytes?
In which cells can Reinke crystals be found?
In which cells can Reinke crystals be found?
What is the name of the crystals found in the apical cytoplasm of eosinophils and neutrophils?
What is the name of the crystals found in the apical cytoplasm of eosinophils and neutrophils?
What is the term for the fluid component of the cytoplasm?
What is the term for the fluid component of the cytoplasm?
What is the name of the staining method used to visualize lipid droplets in cells?
What is the name of the staining method used to visualize lipid droplets in cells?
In which cells can crystals be found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum?
In which cells can crystals be found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the term for the membranous structures found in the cytoplasm of cells?
What is the term for the membranous structures found in the cytoplasm of cells?
Study Notes
Non-Membranous Organelles
- Microtubules:
- Composed of tubulin subunits
- Oriented in arrays
- Generally extend from the centrosome to the most peripheral extensions of the cell
- Serve to stabilize cell shape
- Form the tracks for kinesin-based transport of vesicles and organelles into the cell periphery
- Form the tracks for dynein-based transport towards the cell nucleus
- Microtubule organization:
- Found in axonemes, cilia, flagellum, and basal bodies of cilia
- Play a role in the formation of the mitotic spindle
Centrioles
- Consist of 9 microtubular triplets
- Found in centriole pairs
- Each half of the centriole pair has a duplicated centriole pair during a cell's interphase
- At the onset of mitosis, each centriole pair separates
Filaments
- Actin filaments:
- Composed of G-actin monomers
- Regulated by actin-binding proteins
- Play a role in pseudopode formation, endocytosis, and exocytosis
- Involved in the movement of organelles in the cytoplasm
- Localized in microvilli, intermediate junctions of epithelial cells, and during mitosis and cytokinesis
- Form a dynamic network important for cell shape changes
- Intermediate filaments:
- Thicker than actin filaments, thinner than microtubules
- Simple structure compared to the others
- Found in various cell types, including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, muscle cells, astrocytes, and neurons
- Composed of different proteins, such as cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, and glial fibrillar acidic protein
Inclusions
- Non-living structures
- Pigments:
- Endogenous pigments: melanin, hemosiderin, hemoglobin, lipofuscin, and caroten
- Exogenous pigments: caroten, lipochrom, and carbon particles
- Storage of metabolites:
- Lipids (fat)
- Glycogen
- Crystals:
- Found in cytoplasm or lumen of ER
- Examples include guanin crystals, uric acid crystals, and Reinke crystals
- Secretion granules:
- Stored in the apical cytoplasm
- Usually protein in nature
- Examples include zymogen granules
Cell Components
- Cytosol or cytoplasmic matrix:
- The region between the cell membrane and organelles
- Organelles:
- A) Membrane-bounded organelles
- Cell membrane
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Description
Learn about the organization of non-membranous structures in a cell, including microtubules, microtubule organizing center, and centriole, and their functional properties under light and electron microscope.
