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Questions and Answers
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
What major component of a cell separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm?
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In terms of genetic material, what is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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Which organelle in a cell is responsible for protein synthesis?
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What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
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Which of the following is true about vacuoles in plant and animal cells?
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What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
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In cell biology, what is the function of cytoplasm?
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Which component is generally spherical and located in the center of a cell?
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What is the primary role of the nucleus in a living cell?
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Which organelle is responsible for carrying genes and aiding in inheritance?
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What is the function of the nucleolus?
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In which type of cell is the nucleus not well organized and lacks a nuclear membrane?
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Which cell organelle acts as the control center of cell activities?
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What is the role of chromosomes in a cell?
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Which term refers to the entire content of a living cell and includes both cytoplasm and nucleus?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Functions
- The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a porous nuclear membrane that allows the movement of materials between the two.
- The nucleus contains thread-like structures called chromosomes, which carry genes and help in inheritance or transfer of characters from parents to offspring.
- Chromosomes can only be seen when the cell divides.
- The nucleus acts as the control center of the activities of the cell.
Nucleolus and Protoplasm
- A smaller spherical body in the nucleus is called the nucleolus.
- The entire content of a living cell is known as protoplasm, which includes the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
- Protoplasm is called the living substance of the cell.
Cellular Differences
- The nucleus of bacterial cells is not well-organized like the cells of multicellular organisms.
- Bacterial cells lack a nuclear membrane and are termed prokaryotic cells.
- Examples of prokaryotes include bacteria and blue-green algae.
Cell Components
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance present between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
- Various organelles, such as mitochondria, golgi bodies, and ribosomes, are present in the cytoplasm.
- The cell membrane is a thin layer that separates the cell from its environment.
- Cell walls are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells.
Genes and Inheritance
- A gene is a unit of inheritance in living organisms that controls the transfer of a hereditary characteristic from parents to offspring.
- Genes result in different characteristics due to the combination of genes from parents.
Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells
- Plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells do not.
- Plant cells have plastids, whereas animal cells do not.
- Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
Key Terms
- Eukaryotes: cells with a well-organized nucleus.
- Multicellular: organisms composed of multiple cells.
- Organelles: smaller components present in the cytoplasm.
- Prokaryotes: cells without a well-organized nucleus.
- Tissue: a group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of the cell nucleus! Identify components such as the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and chromosomes. Understand the functions and characteristics of these key elements in cell biology.
