Cell Nuclei Staining and Immunohistochemistry in Cervical Cancer Diagnosis
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is primarily assessed through the VMI evaluation technique?

  • Estrogen (correct)
  • Testosterone
  • Progesterone
  • Prolactin
  • What is the main purpose of the vaginal smear diagnostic test?

  • Diagnosing reproductive health conditions (correct)
  • Assessing bone density
  • Evaluating thyroid function
  • Monitoring blood glucose levels
  • Why are stained vaginal smears considered unnecessary after some experience is gained?

  • To reduce the workload on healthcare staff
  • To save costs on staining materials
  • To maintain sample integrity (correct)
  • To speed up the examination process
  • What does the predominant presence of superficial cells in a vaginal smear indicate?

    <p>High estrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells represent a transitional stage between parabasal and superficial cells in vaginal smears?

    <p>Intermediate cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves flushing cells from the vaginal lining using a pipette and placing them on a slide for examination?

    <p>Pipette smear technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of intermediate cells in a vaginal smear indicate?

    <p>Moderate estrogenic influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the Pipette smear technique recommend examining the smears shortly after collection?

    <p>To maintain cell viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells make up the superficial cell layer in the vaginal epithelium?

    <p>Superficial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does an increase in the percentage of superficial cells in a vaginal smear suggest?

    <p>Adequate estrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of a low estrogen state in terms of the proportion of cellular types in a vaginal smear?

    <p>High percentage of parabasal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hematoxylin-eosin staining of vaginal epithelium, what type of nuclei are seen in parabasal cells and intermediate cells?

    <p>Vesicular nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells will get the highest reading during childhood?

    <p>Parabasal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage will there be more intermediate cells than superficial cells?

    <p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone tends to have a greater effect on intermediate cells during pregnancy?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells will show no presence postmenopausally?

    <p>Parabasal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period sees a reduction in the overall oestrogenic effect due to progesterone?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does oestrogen have during ovulation on cell types?

    <p>More intermediate and superficial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis of cervical cancer?

    <p>To detect specific biomarkers associated with cervical cancer development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of E7 human papillomavirus protein in cervical cancer diagnosis?

    <p>It is a biomarker for cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein that is often used as a biomarker for cervical cancer, in addition to E7?

    <p>p16INK4a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the staining pattern of basophilic cells?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IHC in detecting abnormal changes in cervical cells?

    <p>To detect abnormal changes in cervical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Ki67 in cervical cancer diagnosis?

    <p>It is a biomarker for cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of storing semen in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius?

    <p>To preserve sperm viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining technique is recommended by the WHO for examining the morphology of sperm?

    <p>Diff-Quick staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of vitality testing in semen analysis?

    <p>To evaluate live sperm percentage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique utilizes specialized software and high-resolution microscopy to objectively assess sperm motility, concentration, and morphology?

    <p>Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of advanced semen testing, also known as sperm function testing?

    <p>Comprehensive assessment of male fertility potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which staining technique are spermatozoa observed stained with Janus Green?

    <p>Shorr staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

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