Cell Nuclei Staining and Immunohistochemistry in Cervical Cancer Diagnosis

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is primarily assessed through the VMI evaluation technique?

  • Estrogen (correct)
  • Testosterone
  • Progesterone
  • Prolactin

What is the main purpose of the vaginal smear diagnostic test?

  • Diagnosing reproductive health conditions (correct)
  • Assessing bone density
  • Evaluating thyroid function
  • Monitoring blood glucose levels

Why are stained vaginal smears considered unnecessary after some experience is gained?

  • To reduce the workload on healthcare staff
  • To save costs on staining materials
  • To maintain sample integrity (correct)
  • To speed up the examination process

What does the predominant presence of superficial cells in a vaginal smear indicate?

<p>High estrogen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells represent a transitional stage between parabasal and superficial cells in vaginal smears?

<p>Intermediate cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves flushing cells from the vaginal lining using a pipette and placing them on a slide for examination?

<p>Pipette smear technique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of intermediate cells in a vaginal smear indicate?

<p>Moderate estrogenic influence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Pipette smear technique recommend examining the smears shortly after collection?

<p>To maintain cell viability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells make up the superficial cell layer in the vaginal epithelium?

<p>Superficial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does an increase in the percentage of superficial cells in a vaginal smear suggest?

<p>Adequate estrogen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of a low estrogen state in terms of the proportion of cellular types in a vaginal smear?

<p>High percentage of parabasal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hematoxylin-eosin staining of vaginal epithelium, what type of nuclei are seen in parabasal cells and intermediate cells?

<p>Vesicular nuclei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells will get the highest reading during childhood?

<p>Parabasal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage will there be more intermediate cells than superficial cells?

<p>Puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone tends to have a greater effect on intermediate cells during pregnancy?

<p>Oestrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells will show no presence postmenopausally?

<p>Parabasal cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period sees a reduction in the overall oestrogenic effect due to progesterone?

<p>Menstruation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does oestrogen have during ovulation on cell types?

<p>More intermediate and superficial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis of cervical cancer?

<p>To detect specific biomarkers associated with cervical cancer development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of E7 human papillomavirus protein in cervical cancer diagnosis?

<p>It is a biomarker for cervical cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that is often used as a biomarker for cervical cancer, in addition to E7?

<p>p16INK4a (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the staining pattern of basophilic cells?

<p>Red (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IHC in detecting abnormal changes in cervical cells?

<p>To detect abnormal changes in cervical cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Ki67 in cervical cancer diagnosis?

<p>It is a biomarker for cervical cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of storing semen in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius?

<p>To preserve sperm viability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which staining technique is recommended by the WHO for examining the morphology of sperm?

<p>Diff-Quick staining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vitality testing in semen analysis?

<p>To evaluate live sperm percentage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique utilizes specialized software and high-resolution microscopy to objectively assess sperm motility, concentration, and morphology?

<p>Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of advanced semen testing, also known as sperm function testing?

<p>Comprehensive assessment of male fertility potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which staining technique are spermatozoa observed stained with Janus Green?

<p>Shorr staining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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