Cell Nuclei Staining and Immunohistochemistry in Cervical Cancer Diagnosis

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Which hormone is primarily assessed through the VMI evaluation technique?

Estrogen (correct)

Testosterone

Progesterone

Prolactin

What is the main purpose of the vaginal smear diagnostic test?

Diagnosing reproductive health conditions (correct)

Assessing bone density

Evaluating thyroid function

Monitoring blood glucose levels

Why are stained vaginal smears considered unnecessary after some experience is gained?

To reduce the workload on healthcare staff

To save costs on staining materials

To maintain sample integrity (correct)

To speed up the examination process

What does the predominant presence of superficial cells in a vaginal smear indicate?

High estrogen levels Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells represent a transitional stage between parabasal and superficial cells in vaginal smears?

Intermediate cells Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves flushing cells from the vaginal lining using a pipette and placing them on a slide for examination?

Pipette smear technique Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of intermediate cells in a vaginal smear indicate?

Moderate estrogenic influence Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Pipette smear technique recommend examining the smears shortly after collection?

To maintain cell viability Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells make up the superficial cell layer in the vaginal epithelium?

Superficial cells Signup and view all the answers

Why does an increase in the percentage of superficial cells in a vaginal smear suggest?

Adequate estrogen levels Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of a low estrogen state in terms of the proportion of cellular types in a vaginal smear?

High percentage of parabasal cells Signup and view all the answers

In hematoxylin-eosin staining of vaginal epithelium, what type of nuclei are seen in parabasal cells and intermediate cells?

Vesicular nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells will get the highest reading during childhood?

Parabasal cells Signup and view all the answers

During which stage will there be more intermediate cells than superficial cells?

Puberty Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone tends to have a greater effect on intermediate cells during pregnancy?

Oestrogen Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells will show no presence postmenopausally?

Parabasal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which period sees a reduction in the overall oestrogenic effect due to progesterone?

Menstruation Signup and view all the answers

What effect does oestrogen have during ovulation on cell types?

More intermediate and superficial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis of cervical cancer?

To detect specific biomarkers associated with cervical cancer development Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of E7 human papillomavirus protein in cervical cancer diagnosis?

It is a biomarker for cervical cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that is often used as a biomarker for cervical cancer, in addition to E7?

p16INK4a Signup and view all the answers

What is the staining pattern of basophilic cells?

Red Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IHC in detecting abnormal changes in cervical cells?

To detect abnormal changes in cervical cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Ki67 in cervical cancer diagnosis?

It is a biomarker for cervical cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of storing semen in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius?

To preserve sperm viability Signup and view all the answers

Which staining technique is recommended by the WHO for examining the morphology of sperm?

Diff-Quick staining Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vitality testing in semen analysis?

To evaluate live sperm percentage Signup and view all the answers

Which technique utilizes specialized software and high-resolution microscopy to objectively assess sperm motility, concentration, and morphology?

Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of advanced semen testing, also known as sperm function testing?

Comprehensive assessment of male fertility potential Signup and view all the answers

In which staining technique are spermatozoa observed stained with Janus Green?

Shorr staining Signup and view all the answers