30 Questions
Which hormone is primarily assessed through the VMI evaluation technique?
Estrogen
What is the main purpose of the vaginal smear diagnostic test?
Diagnosing reproductive health conditions
Why are stained vaginal smears considered unnecessary after some experience is gained?
To maintain sample integrity
What does the predominant presence of superficial cells in a vaginal smear indicate?
High estrogen levels
What type of cells represent a transitional stage between parabasal and superficial cells in vaginal smears?
Intermediate cells
Which method involves flushing cells from the vaginal lining using a pipette and placing them on a slide for examination?
Pipette smear technique
What does the presence of intermediate cells in a vaginal smear indicate?
Moderate estrogenic influence
Why does the Pipette smear technique recommend examining the smears shortly after collection?
To maintain cell viability
What type of cells make up the superficial cell layer in the vaginal epithelium?
Superficial cells
Why does an increase in the percentage of superficial cells in a vaginal smear suggest?
Adequate estrogen levels
What is characteristic of a low estrogen state in terms of the proportion of cellular types in a vaginal smear?
High percentage of parabasal cells
In hematoxylin-eosin staining of vaginal epithelium, what type of nuclei are seen in parabasal cells and intermediate cells?
Vesicular nuclei
What type of cells will get the highest reading during childhood?
Parabasal cells
During which stage will there be more intermediate cells than superficial cells?
Puberty
Which hormone tends to have a greater effect on intermediate cells during pregnancy?
Oestrogen
What type of cells will show no presence postmenopausally?
Parabasal cells
Which period sees a reduction in the overall oestrogenic effect due to progesterone?
Menstruation
What effect does oestrogen have during ovulation on cell types?
More intermediate and superficial cells
What is the primary function of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis of cervical cancer?
To detect specific biomarkers associated with cervical cancer development
What is the significance of E7 human papillomavirus protein in cervical cancer diagnosis?
It is a biomarker for cervical cancer
What is the name of the protein that is often used as a biomarker for cervical cancer, in addition to E7?
p16INK4a
What is the staining pattern of basophilic cells?
Red
What is the role of IHC in detecting abnormal changes in cervical cells?
To detect abnormal changes in cervical cells
What is the significance of Ki67 in cervical cancer diagnosis?
It is a biomarker for cervical cancer
What is the purpose of storing semen in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius?
To preserve sperm viability
Which staining technique is recommended by the WHO for examining the morphology of sperm?
Diff-Quick staining
What is the purpose of vitality testing in semen analysis?
To evaluate live sperm percentage
Which technique utilizes specialized software and high-resolution microscopy to objectively assess sperm motility, concentration, and morphology?
Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA)
What is the primary focus of advanced semen testing, also known as sperm function testing?
Comprehensive assessment of male fertility potential
In which staining technique are spermatozoa observed stained with Janus Green?
Shorr staining
Explore the process of cell nuclei staining and the role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing cervical cancer. Learn about the different stains used for specific cell types and the markers detected through IHC in cervical cancer and pre-cancer stages.
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