Cell Membranes and Organelles

Questions and Answers

Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells lack any form of cellular membrane.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. (correct)

Eukaryotic cells have a rigid cell wall.

Photosynthesis

Digestion and waste removal (correct)

Cellular respiration

Protein synthesis

Mitochondria (correct)

Endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

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Study Notes

Every cell is encased in a membrane, which separates its internal contents from the external environment.
Large, complex cells in multicellular organisms require numerous chemical reactions to maintain their intricate structure and function.
To manage various activities separately, cells employ membrane-bound structures called organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by these organelles, setting them apart from prokaryotic cells, which lack such structures.

The nucleus is essential and was discussed in a previous section; it houses genetic material.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis; consists of rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes).
Golgi Apparatus: Functions in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular components.
Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, they produce ATP through cellular respiration.
Plastids: Important in photosynthesis, storage, and synthesis of various compounds, particularly in plant cells.

Many organelles are only visible with an electron microscope, emphasizing their microscopic nature and complexity.
The coordination among organelles is vital for executing the essential biochemical processes required for the cell's survival and function.