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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
The main function of the phospholipid bilayer is to regulate what enters and leaves the cell, maintain cell shape, and provide mechanical support.
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of the phospholipid molecules?
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of the phospholipid molecules?
Hydrophilic regions are the phosphate heads that face outward and interact with water, while hydrophobic regions are the fatty acid tails that face inward and away from water.
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Cholesterol helps maintain membrane fluidity.
What is the difference between passive and active transport mechanisms?
What is the difference between passive and active transport mechanisms?
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What is the purpose of carbohydrates attached to proteins or lipids in the cell membrane?
What is the purpose of carbohydrates attached to proteins or lipids in the cell membrane?
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What is the significance of the cell membrane's selective permeability?
What is the significance of the cell membrane's selective permeability?
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What is tissue, and how is it defined?
What is tissue, and how is it defined?
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How do cells in a tissue originate, according to Haberlandt (1914)?
How do cells in a tissue originate, according to Haberlandt (1914)?
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What is the relationship between tissues, tissue systems, organs, and organisms?
What is the relationship between tissues, tissue systems, organs, and organisms?
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Why do lower plants and animals not have tissues?
Why do lower plants and animals not have tissues?
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What determines the functional activities of tissues?
What determines the functional activities of tissues?
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How do the cells in a tissue relate to each other?
How do the cells in a tissue relate to each other?
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Study Notes
Cell Membrane
Structure:
- Phospholipid bilayer: a double layer of lipid molecules with phosphate heads and fatty acid tails
- Hydrophilic (water-loving) heads face outward, interacting with water
- Hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails face inward, away from water
Functions:
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cell shape and provides mechanical support
- Acts as a barrier to separate the cell from its environment
- Allows for cell signaling and communication
Components:
- Phospholipids (major component)
- Proteins (embedded in the membrane, performing various functions)
- Cholesterol (helps maintain membrane fluidity)
- Carbohydrates (attached to proteins or lipids, involved in cell signaling)
Permeability:
- Selectively permeable: allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others
- Diffusion: movement of molecules from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through the membrane to balance concentration gradients
Transport mechanisms:
- Passive transport: movement of molecules without energy expenditure (e.g., diffusion, osmosis)
- Active transport: movement of molecules against concentration gradients, requiring energy expenditure (e.g., carrier proteins, pumps)
Fluidity:
- Influenced by temperature, cholesterol, and fatty acid composition
- Important for cell membrane function and flexibility
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Description
Learn about the structure and functions of cell membranes, including the phospholipid bilayer, permeability, transport mechanisms, and fluidity. Understand how the cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and maintains cell shape.